Table 1.
Rice varieties and sampling information.
Table 2.
Physical and chemical characteristics of different soil samples.
Table 3.
Different diversity indices with subsampling by the minimum number of sample sequences.
Fig 1.
The primary bacterial genera, shared and unique OTU for three kinds of paddy soils.
(a), the dominant bacterial genus in japonica rice soil. (b), the dominant bacterial genus in indica rice soil. (c), the dominant bacterial genus in blank rice soil. (d), the shared and unique OTU for blank soil, japonica rice soil, and indica rice soil.
Fig 2.
Correlations among the core bacteria.
Correlation of two bacterial genera was shown in locations with crosses. Blue colors showed positive correlations, while reddish hues showed negative correlations; dots with larger diameters showed stronger correlations.
Fig 3.
Principal coordinate analysis of different classifications based on weighted UniFrac distance.
(a), principal coordinate analysis of group samples categorized by genetic modification status and rice subspecies. (b), principal coordinate analysis for different groups of rice subspecies. (c), principal coordinate analysis of the GM group samples and non-GM group samples. (d), principal coordinate analysis of topsoil samples and subsoil samples.BS, blank soil; IT, transgenic indica rice, IC, indica rice control; JT, transgenic japonica rice and JC for japonica rice control; JR, japonica rice, IR, indica rice; TR, transgenic rice, CR, conventional rice control; D, subsoil soil; S, topsoil.
Fig 4.
Kernel density estimation of evolutionary distance for transgenic vs non-transgenic and japonica vs indica samples.
Transgene vs No Transgene, Transgenic pair and non-transgenic pair; JR vs IR, japonica pair and indica pair.
Fig 5.
Heatmap of the classified bacterial genera of the paddy soil between transgenic and conventional rice.
(a), different bacterial genera between transgenic japonica rice and its conventional rice. (b), different bacterial genera between transgenic indica rice and its conventional rice.
Fig 6.
Kernel density estimation of evolutionary distance for two subspecies rice samples.
Table 4.
Influence of bacterial communities from rhizosphere soil of transgenic rice on neighboring blank soil.
Fig 7.
Correlations between environmental factors and the top 50 most abundant bacterial communities at genus level.
AK, available potassium; AP, available phosphorus; AN, ammonium nitrogen; NN, nitrate nitrogen; OM, organic matter; TK, total potassium; TP, total phosphorus; TN, total nitrogen. The red colors represented positive correlations, while blue colors represented negative correlations. Darker colors represent stronger correlations. Significant differences were represented by: *0.01<p = <0.05, **0.001<p = <0.01, ***p<0.001.
Table 5.
Correlations between environmental factors and the top 50 most abundant bacterial communities at genus level.