Fig 1.
Positioning and likelihood-map of seed voxels for VLp/VA and MD/A thalamic masks.
This figure displays the voxels used in seed-ROI masks for the functional connectivity analyses, overlaid on MNI T1 0.5mm images. This image was produced by combining all of the binary masks of each participant into one unified mask, with warm (yellow—red) colors indicating the positioning of the VLp/VA voxels and cold colors (light blue—dark blue) indicating the positioning of the MD/A voxels. Darker tones are indicative of a greater proportion of voxels in that region being included in the relevant seed-ROI mask. VLp/VA, ventral lateral posterior and ventral anterior thalamic voxels; MD/A, mediodorsal and anterior thalamic voxels.
Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of participants.
Fig 2.
VLp/VA thalamus functional connectivity.
p-value images showing neuroanatomical regions with significant between-group changes in functional connectivity with the VLp/VA thalamus in PD subjects compared to Controls. Warm colors (yellow-orange) represent areas of increased functional connectivity in PD and cool colors (light-dark blue) represent areas of decreased functional connectivity in PD. Spacing between each slice in the z-direction is 4.2mm beginning at z = -3.18 in the top left slice (MNI T1 2mm image). R, right; A, anterior; PCG, paracingulate gyrus; SMA, supplementary motor area; LOC, lateral occipital cortex.
Table 2.
Regions showing functional connectivity differences with the VLp/VA thalamus in PD.
Fig 3.
MD/A thalamus functional connectivity.
p-value images showing neuroanatomical regions with significant between-group changes in functional connectivity of the MD/A thalamus in PD subjects compared to Controls. Warm colors (yellow-orange) represent areas of increased functional connectivity in PD. Spacing between each slice in the z-direction is 4mm beginning at z = -2.3 in the top left slice (MNI T1 2mm image). R, right; A, anterior; Put, putamen; GP, globus pallidus; CN, caudate nucleus; PCG, paracingulate gyrus; ACC, anterior cingulate cortex; DLPFC, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; APFC, anterior prefrontal cortex.
Table 3.
Regions showing functional connectivity differences with the MD/A thalamus in PD.
Table 4.
Estimated mean volumes of right and left thalamus and pairwise comparison.
Fig 4.
Shape analysis of thalamus in PD compared to Controls.
Displayed are superior and inferior views of bilateral thalami overlaid on axial MNI T1 0.5mm images. Warmer colors indicate regions of greater inflation in the PD group compared to Controls using point-wise significance tests (p < 0.05, uncorrected). No regions were significant after false-discovery rate correction.