Fig 1.
Strategy for testing the sensitivity of flood risk and flood protection benefits of mangroves to different approaches, with the aim of informing decision-makers where the maximum benefit is gained with improving data and models.
Table 1.
Multi-step methodology to evaluate flood risks and flood reduction benefits of mangroves.
Fig 2.
Mangrove cover in Pagbilao (The Philippines).
Mangroves extent in 1950 and 2010 in Pagbilao municipality, zooming in four different areas with different mangrove covert development: (a) Mangroves retreat may be due to a change in the river sediment transport in the west side of the municipality, (b) mangroves density increment due to restoration policies, (c) mangroves conversion into aquaculture areas and (d) mangroves migration in the east side of Pagbilao. Reprinted from ArcGIS Online maps under a CC BY license, with permission from Esri, original Copyright 2018 Esri (Basemaps supported by Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus Ds, USDA, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS User Community).
Fig 3.
Flood map comparison in Pagbilao.
Coastal flooding produced by 1-in-50 years tropical cyclone in Pagbilao. Comparison between Baseline case (with and without mangroves) and Benchmark case (with and without mangroves). Reprinted from ArcGIS Online maps under a CC BY license, with permission from Esri, original Copyright 2018 Esri (Basemaps supported by Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus Ds, USDA, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS User Community).
Table 2.
Flood risk and adaptation benefits assessment.
Table 3.
Ranking table for valuing risks, based on ERI index.