Table 1.
Properties of core samples.
Fig 1.
Okra sample preparation route.
Fig 2.
Synthesis schematic route for CSNP.
Fig 3.
Schematics of the core-flooding experimental apparatus.
Fig 4.
Yield of CNP after synthesis.
Fig 5.
Image of okra (a) showing fibre bundles, (b) cellulose material, and (c) EDX spectra of okra.
Fig 6.
TEM image of CNP.
Fig 7.
Particle size distribution by the intensity of CNP.
Fig 8.
Zeta potential distribution CNP.
Fig 9.
XRD diffraction of CNP.
Fig 10.
FTIR spectra of okra and CNP.
Fig 11.
Apparent viscosity of CNF at different concentrations as a function of shear rate, showing the mechanism of shear-thinning effect.
Table 2.
Consistency index (m) and the flow behaviour index (n) of CNF in the power region of η versus γ (η = m.γn-1) as a function of concentration.
Fig 12.
Apparent viscosity of CNF, okra, and xanthan as a function of shear rate, showing the mechanism of CNF viscosity reduction.
Fig 13.
Apparent viscosity of CNF, okra, and xanthan as a function of salinity, showing the mechanism of CNF viscosity reduction.
Fig 14.
Apparent viscosity of CNF, okra, and xanthan as a function of temperature, showing the mechanism of viscosity reduction.
Fig 15.
IFT of CNF (DIW) as a function of concentration, showing the proposed mechanism of IFT reduction.
Fig 16.
Influence of electrolyte on IFT as a function of CNF concentration, showing the mechanisms of IFT reduction in the presence of an electrolyte.
Fig 17.
IFT of CNF (DIW) and electrolyte as a function of temperature, showing the mechanism of IFT reduction.
Fig 18.
Cumulative oil production performance.
Fig 19.
Effect of CNF, okra and xanthan on capillary number.
Fig 20.
Pressure drop profile of xanthan, okra, and CNF as a function of fluid injected.
Fig 21.
(a, d) CNF oil recovery showing emulsion formation (b, c) xanthan and okra oil recovery showing absent of emulsion.