Fig 1.
Possible outcomes of conservation activities for endangered species in multi-use landscapes.
Fig 2.
Current wild distribution of onager in Iran.
(1) Touran Biosphere Reserve and (2) Bahram-e-Goor Protected Area (BPA) surrounding Qatrouiyeh National Park (QNP). Study area and location of interviews with local communities in BPA and a 50-kilometer surrounding buffer.
Table 1.
Four false statements comprising the “knowledge score” about onagers for respondents within and outside Bahram-e-Goor Protected Area (BPA) in southern Iran.
N = 243 respondents. Chi-square tests compare results within and outside BPA.
Table 2.
Parameter estimates of factors influencing perceived value of onagers resulted from a beta regression model (pseudo R2 = 0.21, z = 10.96, p<0.001) for locals within and outside the Bahram-e-Goor Protected Area, Iran.
Positive estimates indicate positive association between a factor and perceived value of onagers.
Table 3.
Acceptability of potential management strategies aimed at reducing human-onager conflict according to 101 farmers and herders within Bahram-e-Goor Protected Area (BPA), Iran.
Table 4.
Parameter estimates (β±SE) and p-values (p) results of ordinal regression models to predict effects of socio-economic variables and level of conflict with onagers on accepting potential management strategies aimed at reducing human-onager conflict within Bahram-e-Goor Protected Area (BPA), Iran.
Strategies included: (1) selling land to the government; (2) exchanging 50% farmland/pastureland within BPA for an equivalent amount of land outside BPA; (3) changing from a traditional farming/herding lifestyle to industrialized farming (for farmers) or livestock production (for herders) with the help of government;(4) accepting monetary compensation to tolerate onager conflict; (5) accepting a sedentary lifestyle instead of a nomadic one; and (6) supplementary feeding of livestock for a period in the year with the help of the government.