Fig 1.
Beirut phases of urbanisation (From “Beirut,” by N. Yassin, 2010, Cities, 29, p. 64–73. Reprinted with permission.).
Fig 2.
The distribution of M. crassifolia in Beirut and selected sites for the study.
Fig 3.
Raunkiaer life-form spectrum of plant species recorded in 78 quadrats in 12 sites in Ras Beirut.
Table 1.
TWINSPAN analysis of life form data set collected in Ras Beirut.
(Alphabetical naming of quadrat groups by floristic and life form classification are not related.).
Table 2.
Matrix of floristic and life-form classifications of quadrats from plant data set collected in Ras Beirut and southern part of the promontory of Beirut.
Intersections show M. crassifolia represented by constancy and abundance and help define favorable and unfavorable vegetation assemblages.
Table 3.
Description of urban plant habitat analogues (habitat condition, life forms, plant habitat, and species) for M. crassifolia in Beirut following a stepwise approach that intersects floristic and life form data classifications.
Table 4.
Description of urban plant habitats (habitat condition, life forms, plant habitat, and species) unsuitable for M. crassifolia in Beirut following a stepwise approach that intersects floristic and life form data classifications.
Fig 4.
Illustrated scene for a planted street median functioning as a habitat analogue for M. crassifolia.
Rosulate phanerophytes and reptant succulent chamaephytes, often used as ornamentals in green spaces in Beirut, dominate the street median without excluding the target species.
Fig 5.
Illlustrated scene for sidewalk functioning as a habitat analogue for M. crassifolia.
The cracks in the concrete of the sidewalk due to poor management and the adjacent sandstone wall resemble coastal cliffs occupied by the species. Small and medium-sized therophytes like Plantago coronopus L. abd Polycarpon tetraphyllum are often observed occupying such spaces.