Fig 1.
Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) ordination comparing bird assemblage composition among semi-natural oak forests and conifer plantations in Ireland, France and Portugal (stress scores: Ireland = 0.197, France = 0.222, Portugal = 0.161).
Points are forest patches with lines connecting to forest-type centroids. Ellipses represent the standard deviation of forest-type centroids.
Fig 2.
Responses of bird assemblages to semi-natural oak forests and conifer plantations in Ireland, France and Portugal.
For each richness, diversity and dispersion metric the mean value and the standard error are shown; asterisk denotes significant differences (Mann-Whitney U test, P<0.01) between the two forest types (see S4 Table for test statistics).
Table 1.
Species trait relationships within conifer plantation forests relative to semi-natural oak forests in Ireland, France and Portugal, as calculated with fourth-corner correlations between traits and environmental variables (see S3 Table for fourth corner test statistics).