Fig 1.
The time interval during the practice session and the timing and frequency at which each participant assigned to the four groups received feedback.
The thick lines represent the period that is provided feedback from a device. The concurrent feedback groups were provided feedback during each session. The terminal groups were provided feedback immediately after completing each session. In the 50% feedback conditions, half the participants were provided with feedback for odd numbered sessions (session 1, 3, and 5), while the remaining half of the participants were provided with feedback for even numbered sessions (session 2, 4, and 6).
Fig 2.
Experimental design to confirm the influence of feedback timing and feedback frequency on acquisition of CPR skills.
To confirm the participant's skill levels before practice in the pre-test, all the participants conducted 2-minutes of CPR without the receipt of feedback. In the practice sessions, the participants performed six CPR sessions for 2 minutes in accordance with the condition assigned. The post-tests and follow-up tests were conducted with the same contents as the pre-test 24 hours and 3 months after completion of the practice sessions to determine the effects of feedback on retaining the acquired skills.
Fig 3.
The transition of the overall score for each group.
The overall score reflects the comprehensive performance on CPR including chest compression and ventilation. PRE: pre-test, S1: session 1, S2: session 2, S3: session 3, S4: session 4, S5: session 5, S6: session 6, POST: post-test, FOLLOW: follow-up test.
Fig 4.
The transition of the overall compression score for each group.
The overall compression score is an index of comprehensive performance on chest compressions. PRE: pre-test, S1: session 1, S2: session 2, S3: session 3, S4: session 4, S5: session 5, S6: session 6, POST: post-test, FOLLOW: follow-up test.
Fig 5.
The transition of the overall ventilation score for each group.
The overall ventilation score is an index of comprehensive performance on ventilation. PRE: pre-test, S1: session 1, S2: session 2, S3: session 3, S4: session 4, S5: session 5, S6: session 6, POST: post-test, FOLLOW: follow-up test.