Fig 1.
Appearances of translucent flesh disorder-affected aril of (right and center) and normal aril (left) in mangosteen fruit. This photo was taken by DDM.
Fig 2.
Incidences percentage of gamboge disorder and translucent flesh disorder in mangosteen during the treatment.
(ILS: Irrigated-land Surface, CLS: Covering-land Surface, CLS + SW: Covering-land Surface + Supplied-water). The data for incidences is average from three trees as a replicate of each treatment. Data are represented as means±SD. The same letter within the same row are not significantly difference by Duncan’s Multiple Range.
Table 1.
Summary of reads and transcriptome assembly from mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.).
Fig 3.
Homology search of Garcinia mangostana unigenes.
(a) Species distribution of sequences; (b) Number hit distribution per sequence length (c) E-value distribution of the BLASTX hits against the nr protein NCBI database (subset to Viridiplantae) using an E-value cutoff of 10−5; (d) Similarity distribution of the BLASTX hits.
Table 2.
Number of sequences annotated by various databases.
Fig 4.
Gene Ontology (GO) classification of G. mangostana.
(a) Biological Process; (b) Molecular Function; (c) Cellular Component. The numbers of each categories represent number of unigenes.
Fig 5.
Overview of DEGs between pairwise comparison.
DEG hierarchal clustering of normal aril versus disorder-affected aril on (a) control condition and (b) treatment condition. DEG Heatmap of up-regulated and down-regulated on normal aril versus disorder-affected aril on (c) control condition and (d) treatment condition. (e) Distribution Number of GO and KEGG annotation for DEG normal aril versus disorder-affected aril on control condition and treatment condition.
Table 3.
Top ten up-regulated and down-regulated of DEGs from each pairwise comparison.
Table 4.
Top three significantly GO functional annotation categories of DEGs from each pairwise comparison.
Fig 6.
Validation for twenty-one selected genes of quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRTPCR).
The result was calculated using 2-ΔΔCt method and the mean was three biological replicates (±SD). *Represents the level of significance difference P < 0.05, ** represents the level of significance difference P < 0.01 in independent-samples t-test.(1) control as natural growth condition (Control), (2) irrigating land surface under canopy with drip irrigation at whole day (ILS), (3) covering land surface under canopy with dark plastic (CLS), and (4) the condition as same as third conditions, but suddenly applied an irrigation every morning during one week from 9 weeks after anthesis (CLS+RW). ACO (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase), ACS (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase), CAM (Calmodulin), CDPK (Calcium-dependent protein kinase), CINV (Alkaline/neutral invertase), CSL (Cellulose synthase-like protein), CWINV (Beta-fructofuranosidase), EXP (Expansin), GUN (Endoglucanase), MYB1 (Transcription factor MYB1R1), MYB2 (Transcription factor MYB44), NAC1 (Transcription factor NAC47), NAC2 (Transcription factor NAC29), PG (Polygalacturonase), PGI (Polygalacturonase inhibitor), PME (Pectinesterase), SUSY (Sucrose synthase), WRKY 1 (Transcription factor WRKY75), WRKY 2 (Transcription factor WRKY40), WRKY 3 (Transcription factor WRKY40), XTH (Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase).
Fig 7.
Model for up-regulated and down-regulated of genes related to TFD incidences under normal and treatment conditions.