Fig 1.
Time trends in overall prevalence (per 10 000) of limb reduction defects, 1970–2016, using original coding (ICD-8 and internal codes during 1970–1998, ICD-10 from 1999) and new coding (ICD-10 for all years).
Year 1999 marks changes in the MBRN that have increased ascertainment of congenital anomalies.
Table 1.
Guide to description and classification of congenital limb defects [5], with our suggestion of possible ICD-10 codes.
Fig 2.
Prevalence (per 10 000) of limb reduction defects in upper, lower and unspecified limb, 1970–2016.
Fig 3.
Distribution of associated major congenital anomalies (%) among limb reduction defect cases in 1970–1998 and 1999–2016.
Table 2.
Distribution of maternal factors in the total population and among limb reduction defects (LRD) cases, along with LRD prevalence by each factor.
Pregnancy terminations due to congenital anomalies are excluded except when analysing parity and maternal age.
Table 3.
A: Mortality, low birth weight, preterm birth, and male sex among 1077 infants with limb reduction defects (LRD) relative infants without LRD during 1970–2016, terminations 1999–2016 excluded. B: Same outcomes among 281 infants with LRD relative infants without, 1999–2016, excluding terminations and LRD associated with major anomalies in other organs.