Fig 1.
Types of forest products fraud and misrepresentation (FM), where they can occur in the supply chain, and jurisdictional boundaries for law enforcement.
Botanical FM and origin FM can enter at any point, but product-type FM is necessarily a function of manufacturing, and so cannot enter the supply chain prior to that. The Lacey Act specifically depends on the source country defining the material as illegal, whereas CITES depends solely on the species or species and origin.
Table 1.
Composite claim results table showing numbers of products with correct and incorrect botanical and product-type claims, and the proportions of all products of each class.
Table 2.
Broad characterization of woods found in the commercial product components according to three categories: Hardwood vs. softwood, domestic vs. exotic, and temperate vs. tropical.
Table 3.
Proficiency testing results.