Fig 1.
Molecular phylogenetic analysis showing the relationship of strains of CP133, CP134 and CP350 based on 16S rRNA A. and CP605 based on ITS B. using the maximum-likelihood method [32, 33]. Bootstrap values of 500 replicates are shown at the tree nodes, as generated using MEGA 7. The scale bar corresponds to 5 units (A) and 0.20 units (B) of the number of base substitutions per site.
Table 1.
Acid and bile tolerance of the strains.
Table 2.
Cell adhesion activity of the strains on the intestinal cell line.
Fig 2.
Thermotolerance to temperature upshifts of yeast stain CP605 A., Bacillus sp. CP350 B, Lactobacillus sp. CP133 and CP134 C.
Data are expressed as means ± SD of the triplicate experimental set. Reference strains S. cerevisiae ATCC18824, B. subtilis ATCC6051 and L. rhamnosus GG ATCC53103 were tested as control.
Table 3.
Antibacterial activity of the test strains against the indicator strains.
Table 4.
Minimum inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics against the test strains (μg/ml).
Fig 3.
The antimicrobial effect of enzymes on the cell wall of S. cerevisiae CP605, B. subtilis subsp. subtilis CP350, L. paracasei CP133 and L. plantarum CP134.
Evaluation of lysosomal hydrolytic enzymes of microbial strains A. Data are expressed as means ± SD. Statistical differences are marked with an asterisk (P<0.05). Degradation of the proteolytic enzyme substrate (casein) by protease secreted by microbial strains B. Reference strains S. cerevisiae ATCC18824, B. subtilis ATCC6051 and L. rhamnosus GG ATCC53103 were tested as control. YPD, MRS and nutrient media were tested as negative control for S. cerevisiae, B. subtilis and Lactobacillus sp. respectively.
Fig 4.
Odor reduction efficiency of S. cerevisiae CP605, B. subtilis subsp. subtilis CP350, L. paracasei CP133 and L. plantarum CP134.
Data values represent the relative odor reduction rate of NH3, and CH2NH2 after 24 hrs of treatment of swine slurry with the strains. The results of reference strains S. cerevisiae ATCC18824, B. subtilis ATCC6051 and L. rhamnosus GG ATCC53103 were presented as control.