Table 1.
Descriptive statistics and Pearson bivariate correlations among the variables in the study.
Fig 1.
Study design and EMG paradigm.
Study design illustrating the trials presentation during facial electromyographic (EMG) recordings over the zygomaticus major muscle (smiling) and the corrugator supercilii muscle (frowning). The example stimuli are not the original images used in the study, due to copyright license of the stimuli from the Radboud Faces Database. The avataars were created and used here for illustrative purposes only (https://getavataaars.com).
Fig 2.
EMG time course activation plots.
Time course of standardized EMG activation of the corrugator supercilii (red) and zygomaticus major (blue) muscles, in response to happy (a) and sad (b) stimuli in bins of 100 ms from stimulus onset (0 ms) to stimulus offset (2000 ms). The green line represents the difference score between the two muscles for happy (a) and sad (b) stimuli in which each bin represents the mean (with the standard error) amplitude over 100 ms time.
Fig 3.
Violin plots illustrating the standardized EMG activation in the zygomaticus major and corrugator supercilii muscles, in response to happy and sad stimuli. The distribution of the data is represented by the violin shape, with larger width indicating higher value frequency. The mean of each muscle in each condition is represented by a plus sign, whereas the horizontal bars represent the minimum, the median and the maximum values. The whiskers represent the first and the fifth quantile.
Table 2.
Hierarchical regression analysis examining the interaction of avoidant (A) or resistant (R) attachment tendencies and inhibitory control (IC) in predicting facial mimicry of sad or happy facial expressions.