Fig 1.
NASA’s role in landslide risk assessment.
A simplified framework for how landslide inventories ultimately inform landslide risk assessment with the data inputs needed to reach each step, modified from Kocaman and Gokceoglu, 2018. NASA has developed several products that can support landslide risk assessment, outlined in teal. The contribution of a new NASA landslide inventory, the Cooperative Open Online Landslide Repository (COOLR), is shaded red.
Table 1.
List of all knowna landslide citizen science projects.
Fig 2.
Web application components of the Cooperative Open Online Landslide Repository (COOLR).
The figures outline the general design of the web applications for Landslide Reporter and Landslide Viewer: (a) illustration of Landslide Reporter showing the form to report a new landslide, and (b) illustration of Landslide Viewer with the Landslide Points layer visible.
Table 2.
Summary of fields included in the Cooperative Open Online Landslide Repository (COOLR).
Fig 3.
Cooperative Open Online Landslide Repository (COOLR) Components Schematic.
The rectangle encompasses the sources of data within COOLR. The three sources are NASA’s Global Landslide Catalog (GLC), citizen scientist contributions through the Landslide Reporter Catalog (LRC), and collated inventories from landslide experts and other citizen science projects.
Fig 4.
Landslide Reporter submission process.
The process is divided into three parts: Landslide Reporter, data validation, and Landslide Viewer. The gray indicates the parts of COOLR’s component web applications that the citizen scientist and the public (the user) can interact with. The yellow indicates the process that a NASA scientist (the reviewer) must conduct in the backend for validating all citizen science data. Landslide Reporter and Landslide Viewer can be accessed independently at any time.
Fig 5.
Distribution of landslide events by their location and time.
(a) The map shows the spatial distribution of Landslide Reporter Catalog (LRC) events in red and Global Landslide Catalog (GLC) events in light blue. (b) The graph shows the temporal distribution of landslide events in the LRC (in red) in comparison with events in the GLC (in light blue). aThe number of landslides in the GLC for 2018 and 2019 is low because we have not yet updated the catalog for this year.
Fig 6.
Density and susceptibility of landslide events in Europe.
(a) The map shows the spatial density and location of landslide events in Europe for the GLC and LRC. Areas that are darker blue are denser with GLC landslide events. Areas in darker red are dense with LRC landslide events. (b) The map shows LRC events (in red), and GLC events (in light blue) overlaid with the Kirschbaum et al. (2016) [57] landslide susceptibility map.
Fig 7.
Distance to the nearest GLC landslide event.
The histogram illustrates the distance of each LRC landslide event to the nearest GLC event in the repository in bins of 10 km. The last bin contains all distances greater than 150 km to the nearest GLC event.
Fig 8.
Landslide event sources by language and type of source.
The event source specified in the “source name” and “source link” fields for each citizen scientist-contributed report are categorized by language and by the type of source, an in-person observation or an online source.
Fig 9.
Number of landslide events by location accuracy.
The number of landslide events by their “location accuracy” field in the LRC (in red) and the GLC (in blue).
Fig 10.
Modeled landslide susceptibility associated with reported events.
The landslide susceptibility value from the map produced by Stanley and Kirschbaum [15,57] associated with each LRC (in red) and GLC point (in blue). The events are located on areas of low landslide susceptibility to high landslide susceptibility.