Table 1.
40Ar/39Ar ages obtained on single K-feldspar grains from the Notarchirico sequence (Venosa, Italy).
Age 1 are calculated using 40K decay constant of Steiger and Jäger [31] and ACs-2 standard at 1.193 Ma according to Nomade et al. and Pereira et al. [16, 32]. Age 2 are calculated using ACs-2 standard at 1.1891 Ma according to Niespolo et al. [33] (this work). And 40K decay constant of Renne et al. [32]. The ages displayed in Pereira et al. [16] were recalculated using the 40K decay constant of Renne et al. [34] and the flux standard ACs-2 at 1.1891 Ma. Ages are only marginally changed (-0.3% younger), but the full external uncertainties are much better than previously reported by [16] due to the improved precision of the optimized K total decay constant of Renne et al. [34]. Levels 2–2 and 2–1 are part of the Notarchirico Tephra Complex (NTC), the only primary volcanic deposit of the section. The other ages should be considered as indicating the last volcanic event recorder in the sediment. Note that only unit 3 and level 1–6 top indicate a volcanic event different to those related to the NTC.
Fig 1.
Location, view and description of the stratigraphic sequence of Notarchirico (Venosa, Basilicata)—for further details please refer [16, 28].
Photos M-H. Moncel, C. Santagata, A. Pereira, M. Piperno; drawings A. Pereira.
Fig 2.
Notarchirico Archaeosurface A.
Examples of pebble tools in limestone. Unifacial and partial bifacial shaping. (drawings M. Pennachioni).
Table 2.
Number of bifacial Large Cutting Tools at Notarchirico (M. Piperno excavations) and additional quantitative data on the lithic series.
Fig 3.
Notarchirico Archaeosurface B.
Crude bifacial tools (n°A, B, C, E) and a cleaver-like tool on a pebble (n°D, F) (photos C. Santagata).
Fig 4.
Notarchirico Archaeosurface A1.
Flint biface. Dotted line: final removals and retouch. White arrows: direction of the main removals for managing bifacial volume. The numbers indicate shaping phases and sub-phases. (drawings M. Pennachioni, modified; photo L. di Masi).
Fig 5.
Archaeosurface A. Limestone biface. B. Archaeosurface A1. Biface in limestone and biface in siliceous limestone. Dotted line: final removals or retouch. The numbers indicate shaping phases and sub-phases (drawings G. Marchesi, modified).
Fig 6.
Notarchirico Archaeosurface B.
Flint bifaces (A, B) and limestone bifaces (C, D). Dotted line: final removals or retouch. The numbers indicate shaping phases and sub-phases. (drawings M. Pennachioni, modified).
Fig 7.
Notarchirico Archaeosurface B.
Flint biface. Dotted line: final removals or retouch. The numbers indicate shaping phases and sub-phases (drawings M. Pennachioni, modified; photo L. di Masi).
Fig 8.
Archaeosurface D. A. Biface on flint cobble. B. Biface on irregular limestone cobble. Dotted line: final removals or retouch. The numbers indicate shaping phases and sub-phases (drawings M. Pennachioni, modified; photo C. Santagata, M-H. Moncel).
Fig 9.
Notarchirico Archaeosurface F.
Badly-preserved limestone biface, in situ on excavations. (photo C. Santagata, M-H. Moncel).
Fig 10.
Notarchirico Archaeosurface F.
Biface on biconvex limestone cobble. Dotted line: final removals or retouch. The numbers indicate shaping phases and sub-phases. Black arrows: direction of the removals (drawings M. Pennachioni, modified; photos C. Santagata, M-H. Moncel).
Fig 11.
Notarchirico Archaeosurface F.
Biface on biconvex limestone cobble. Dotted line: final removals or retouch. The numbers indicate shaping phases and sub-phases (drawings M. Pennachioni, modified; photos C. Santagata, M-H. Moncel,).
Fig 12.
Notarchirico Archaeosurface F.
Limestone biface (with breccia partly covering one face) Dotted line: final removals or retouch. The numbers indicate shaping phases and sub-phases. (drawings M-H. Moncel; photos C. Santagata, M-H. Moncel,).
Fig 13.
Archaeosurface F. Quartzite biface. B. Archaeosurface F. Quartzite biface. Dotted line: final removals or retouch. The numbers indicate shaping phases and sub-phases. (drawings M. Pennachioni, modified; photos L. di Masi, modified).
Fig 14.
A. Maximum length in mm of bifaces by archaeosurface. B. Maximum thickness in mm of bifaces by archaeosurface.
Fig 15.
Graph Length/width (mm) of bifaces by archaeosurface. Yellow: A-A1: Grey: B, Orange: D, Blue: F. B. Graph Length/width (mm) of bifaces by raw materials. Orange squares: flintBlue circles: limestone and quartzite.