Fig 1.
Hypothesis of the EWS intervention.
Fig 2.
PRISMA diagram summarizing study selection process.
Most of the studies that assessed the effectiveness of EWS in improving clinical outcomes were of quasi-experimental design.
Table 1.
Summary of included studies.
Fig 3.
Quality assessment of included studies (n = 17).
Table 2.
Outcomes assessed by the EWS effectiveness studies (n = 6).