Table 1.
Baseline patient characteristics of patients with diabetes (N = 165,477).
Fig 1.
Difference in office visit use associated with portal access in all patients with diabetes and in patients with complex (multiple) chronic conditions.
Results based on marginal structural modeling (MSM) with inverse probability weights (IPW) predicted by patient age, gender, race/ethnicity, neighborhood SES, neighborhood internet access, engagement, comorbidity, and office visits, phone visits, ED visits, and hospitalizations in prior 30 days and in prior 2–6 months. Complex chronic conditions defined as diabetes plus one or more other additional conditions among: asthma, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, or hypertension. *statistically significant differences (p<0.05) are described with a text box above.
Fig 2.
Difference in emergency department visits associated with portal access in all patients with diabetes and in patients with complex (multiple) chronic conditions.
Results based on MSM with IPW predicted by patient age, gender, race/ethnicity, neighborhood SES, neighborhood internet access, engagement, comorbidity, and office visits, phone visits, ED visits, and hospitalizations in prior 30 days and in prior 2–6 months. In patients with diabetes only, the difference in ED visits if using the portal was -1.7 (95% CI: -3.9–0.5). *statistically significant differences (p<0.05) are described with a text box above.
Fig 3.
Difference in preventable hospitalizations associated with portal access in all patients with diabetes and in patients with complex (multiple) chronic conditions.
Preventable hospitalizations defined as hospitalization for an ambulatory care sensitive condition. Results based on MSM with IPW predicted by patient age, gender, race/ethnicity, neighborhood SES, neighborhood internet access, engagement, comorbidity, and office visits, phone visits, ED visits, and hospitalizations in prior 30 days and in prior 2–6 months. In patients with diabetes only, the difference in hospitalizations visits if using the portal was -0.5 (95% CI: -1.0–0.1). *statistically significant differences (p<0.05) are described in a text box above.