Fig 1.
C. albicans biofilm quantification by CFU assay after treatment with each solution for 5 min.
The black bars represent the mean colony count detected from specimens with C. albicans (n = 20 in each group). The asterisk (*) indicates a significant difference between groups (p < 0.05).
Fig 2.
Quantification by CFU assay of C. albicans biofilm incubated for 24 h after treatment with each solution for 5 min.
The black bars represent the mean colony count detected from specimens with C. albicans (n = 20 in each group). The asterisk (*) indicates a significant difference between groups (p < 0.05).
Fig 3.
Comparison of C. albicans biofilm quantification by CFU assay after treatment for 5 min (n = 20 in each group) and after incubation for 24 h (n = 20 in each group).
The results of 5 min in the control, Polident, and 0.1% G+P groups exhibited significantly lower average level of biofilm compared with those incubated for 24 h. The asterisk (*) indicates a significant difference between groups (p < 0.05).
Fig 4.
Biofilm on denture-base resin disc surface viewed using fluorescence microscopy to obtain a representative sample from each group.
Green fluorescence showed living cells, and red fluorescence showed dead cells. The vast majority of fungus in the control groups appeared green; whereas, 1% GSE induced high mortality in the two morphogenetic forms, yeast and hyphae (increased red color). In the 0.1% GSE groups, dead cells were mainly observed in hyphal forms. The Polident groups showed cell death in yeast forms, but the vast majority of hyphal forms were alive (green). The 0.1% G+P groups showed many dead cells of the yeast and hyphal form.
Fig 5.
SEM images of the yeast forms inside C. albicans biofilms formed on representative denture-base resin disc surfaces from each group.
White arrows indicate cell body shrinkage and deep craters on cell surfaces, which are not seen in the control.
Fig 6.
SEM images of the hyphae forms inside C. albicans biofilms formed on representative denture-base resin disc surfaces from each group.
White arrows indicate shrinkage and damage on cell surfaces, which were not seen in the control and Polident.
Table 1.
Mean (SD) values of surface roughness (Ra), Vickers hardness (VH), flexural strength (FS), and flexural modulus (FM).