Fig 1.
Participants flow chart and study overview.
Note that there are 2 different cutoffs of groups based on apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) according to Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) severity: one for descriptive analysis of all Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) patients and other for those MetS with OSA for accuracy analyses of the Berlin Questionnaire as a screening tool when compared to the Polysomnography.
Table 1.
Baseline characteristics, metabolic syndrome risk factors and polysomnography measurements (absolute and prevalence values) in groups based on AHI cutoff for OSA severity groups: severe (AHI ≥ 30 events/h), moderate (AHI from 15 to 29.9 events/h), mild (AHI from 5 to 14.9 events/h) and non-OSA (AHI < 5 events/h).
Table 2.
Performance of the Berlin Questionnaire to predict OSA in patients with MetS in groups based on AHI cutoff for OSA severity groups: all MetS patients with OSA (AHI ≥ 5), in MetS patients with moderate-severe OSA (AHI ≥ 15 events/h), and in MetS patients with severe OSA (AHI ≥ 30 events/h).
Fig 2.
Percentage of patients with positive score for each category in Berlin Questionnaire(BQ) for groups of Metabolic Syndrome patients according to Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) severity: severe (apnea/hypopnea index, AHI ≥ 30 events/h), moderate (AHI from 15 to 29.9 events/h), mild (from 5 to 14.9 events/h) and non-OSA (AHI < 5 events/h).
Category 1 is related to positive snoring score if ≥ 2 points; Category 2 is related to positive daytime fatigue and sleepiness if ≥ 2 points; and Category 3 is related to score 1 point for ‘Yes’ in the presence of high blood pressure or if the BMI is greater than 30 kg/m2.
Fig 3.
Percentage of patients with positive score (score ≥ 11 points from a scale ranging from 0 to 24) in Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS).
ESS rates from 0 (would never doze) to 3 (high chance of dozing) in 8 life situations. Studied groups according to Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) severity in MetS patients were divided in severe (AHI ≥ 30 events/h), moderate (from 15 to 29.9 events/h), mild (AHI from 5 to 14.9 events/h) and non-OSA (AHI < 5 events/h).