Fig 1.
White areas represent the time periods when energy expenditure was not registered; grey areas included the time periods when the energy expenditure measurement was performed but discarded; black areas represent the time periods when energy expenditure measurement was performed and selected for further analysis.
Table 1.
Descriptive parameters.
Fig 2.
Energy expenditure (EE; panel A), respiratory quotient (RQ; panel B), minute ventilation (VE; panel C), and respiratory rate (RR; panel D) in lying, sitting, and standing positions.
Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. P value derived of repeated measures analysis of variance followed by the Bonferroni post hoc test. Parallel lines mean P<0.001.
Fig 3.
Heart rate (HR) in lying, sitting, and standing positions.
Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. P value derived of repeated measures analysis of variance. Parallel lines mean P<0.001.
Fig 4.
Associations between the change on energy expenditure (EE) of changing from one position another: Lying vs. sitting, lying vs. standing, and sitting vs. standing with body weight (Panels A, B, and C), height (Panels, D, E, and F), lean body mass (Panels G, H and I), and fat body mass (Panels J, K and L).
Fig 5.
R individual energy expenditure (EE; Panels A, C, and E) and respiratory quotient (RQ; Panels B, D, and F) responses of lying vs. sitting position (Panels A and B), lying vs. standing position (Panels C and D) and sitting vs. standing position (Panels E and F) comparing spenders vs. savers.
Spenders were defined as participants who showed a rise in EE >5% between two positions and savers are those who showed little or no change in EE (a rise in EE of <5% between two positions). Δ EE was calculated as the change in EE during the second 5 minutes corresponding to the two positions compared, and it is expressed as a percentage of the first position indicated for each comparison. Δ RQ was calculated as the change in RQ during the second 5 minutes corresponding to the two positions compared, and it is expressed as means ± standard deviation.
Table 2.
Demographic characteristics in savers and spenders.