Table 1.
The PICO criteria used for the present systematic review.
Fig 1.
Flow diagram of study screening and selection process.
Table 2.
Characteristics of studies included in the systematic review owing to reporting the association between dietary acid load with general and central obesity indices and the prevalence of obesity.
Table 3.
Characteristics of studies included in the systematic review owing to reporting the association between dietary acid load with serum lipids and risk of CVD, hyperlipidemia and metabolic syndrome.
Fig 2.
Forest plot illustrating obesity proportions in highest versus lowest PRAL categories.
Table 4.
Results of subgroup analyses of the association between mean difference in BMI and PRAL according to study and participants’ characteristics.
Table 5.
Results of subgroup analyses of the association between mean difference in BMI and NEAP according to study and participants’ characteristics.
Fig 3.
Forest plot illustrating obesity proportion in highest versus lowest NEAP categories.
Fig 4.
Forest plot illustrating weighted mean difference in BMI in highest versus lowest PRAL and NEAP.
Fig 5.
Forest plot illustrating weighted mean difference in WC in highest versus lowest PRAL.
Table 6.
Results of subgroup analyses of the association between mean difference in WC and PRAL according to study and participants’ characteristics.
Fig 6.
Forest plot illustrating weighted mean difference in TC in highest versus lowest PRAL and NEAP.
Fig 7.
Forest plot illustrating weighted mean difference in TG in highest versus lowest PRAL and NEAP.
Fig 8.
Forest plot illustrating weighted mean difference in HDL in highest versus lowest PRAL and NEAP.
Fig 9.
Forest plot illustrating weighted mean difference in LDL in highest versus lowest PRAL and NEAP.
Table 7.
Results of subgroup analyses of the association between mean difference in TC and PRAL according to study and participants’ characteristics.
Table 8.
Results of subgroup analyses of the association between mean difference in TC and NEAP according to study and participants’ characteristics.
Table 9.
Results of subgroup analyses of the association between mean difference in TG and PRAL according to study and participants’ characteristics.
Table 10.
Results of subgroup analyses of the association between mean difference in TG and NEAP according to study and participants’ characteristics.
Table 11.
Results of subgroup analyses of the association between mean difference in LDL and PRAL according to study and participants’ characteristics.
Fig 10.
Begg's funnel plots (with pseudo 95% CIs) of the WMD versus the se (WMD) of the association between BMI, PRAL and NEAP.
Fig 11.
Begg's funnel plots (with pseudo 95% CIs) of the WMD versus the se (WMD) of the association between WC, PRAL and NEAP.
Fig 12.
Begg's funnel plots (with pseudo 95% CIs) of the WMD versus the se (WMD) of the the association between TC, PRAL and NEAP.
Fig 13.
Begg's funnel plots (with pseudo 95% CIs) of the WMD versus the se (WMD) of the association between TG, PRAL and NEAP.
Fig 14.
Begg's funnel plots (with pseudo 95% CIs) of the WMD versus the se (WMD) of the association between HDL, PRAL and NEAP.
Fig 15.
Begg's funnel plots (with pseudo 95% CIs) of the WMD versus the se (WMD) of the association between LDL, PRAL and NEAP.