Fig 1.
Flow diagram of enrolled patients.
The analyzed patients were divided into three groups according to the presence of gastric symptoms: early satiety (n = 25), epigastric pain (n = 13), and dyspepsia (n = 28).
Fig 2.
Timetable for obtaining MR images.
MR images with axial 3D fat-suppressed T1-weighted gradient echo (GRE) sequence and oblique sagittal 3D balanced-turbo field echo (b-TFE) sequence were obtained before and after meal until 120 minutes. Oblique coronal 3D b-TFE sequence was also used from 30 minutes after meal. TGV, total gastric volume, GCV, gastric content volume, GMI, gastric motility index.
Table 1.
MR imaging parameters.
Fig 3.
Gastric volume measurement of a 68-year-old man with Parkinson’s disease.
In axial T1-weighted image, regions of interest (ROI) of gastric contents and air were drawn by a radiologist with volume analysis software. The volume of ROI was calculated automatically. TGV, total gastric volume, GCV, gastric content volume.
Fig 4.
Measurements for calculating gastric motility index of a 68-year-old man with Parkinson’s disease.
Wavelength (X, straight arrow) and amplitude (d, curved arrow) of gastric peristaltic waves were measured in the 3D balanced-turbo field echo MR image. Number of waves (not shown in this image) was also obtained from the same sequence. Gastric motility index was calculated based on these measurements.
Table 2.
Patient demographics.
Fig 5.
Line graphs of gastric emptying and gastric motility index in patients with each symptom.
A. Gastric emptying of gastric content volume B. Gastric emptying of total gastric volume C. Gastric motility index, GCV, gastric content volume, TGV, total gastric volume, repeated measures ANOVA was used for comparison between patients with and without dyspeptic symptoms and post hoc analysis was done using independent t-test with Bonferroni correction.
Table 3.
Comparison of gastric motility index in patients with or without dyspepsia.
Table 4.
Comparison of gastric accommodation and half emptying time.