Table 1.
Detection of dicentric chromosomes in γ-rays irradiated human G0 PCCs by centromere and telomere FISH.
Table 2.
Detection of γ-rays induced inter-chromosome exchange events in prematurely condensed G0 human chromosomes using whole chromosome specific DNA cocktail probe (Chr. 1, 2 and 4).
Fig 1.
(A) Detection of inter-chromosomal exchange events in human G0 PCCs prepared 6 hrs after exposure to different doses of γ-rays. (a) A cocktail probe specific for chromosomes 1 (red color), 2 (green color) and 4 (yellow color) was used for detection. (b) Detection of chromosome 2 fragment. (c) Detection of reciprocal translocation between painted chromosomes 2 and 4 and an insertion of chromosome 2 on chromosome 1 (arrows). (d) Magnification of the same cell showing reciprocal translocation and insertion. (e) Reciprocal translocation detected between chromosomes 2 and 4 (arrows). (f) Magnification of the same cell shown in e. (B) Frequency of inter-chromosomal exchange events observed at different radiation doses of γ-rays. Mean ± SEM.
Table 3.
Multicolor FISH detection of γ-rays induced inter-chromosome exchange events in prematurely condensed G0 human chromosomes prepared 2 hrs after exposure.
Table 4.
Multicolor FISH detection of γ-rays induced inter-chromosome exchange events in prematurely condensed G0 human chromosomes prepared 6 hrs after exposure.
Fig 2.
Multicolor FISH (mFISH) hybridization of human G0 PCCs.
(A) Normal lymphocyte PCC spread and mFISH karyotype. (B) Abnormal lymphocyte PCC spread (G0 PCCs prepared 6 hrs after 1 Gy of γ-rays exposure) and mFISH karyotype showing a translocation t(6:15) and a fragment of chromosome 3. Arrows-chromosomes involved in translocation.
Fig 3.
Detection of translocations in human G0 PCCs by mFISH.
Note the reciprocal translocation involving chromosomes 6 and 15 (arrows) in G0 PCCs prepared from 1 Gy γ-rays treated cells at 6 hrs of post-recovery. (A) DAPI counter stained cell shown in grey scale (B) mFISH hybridization pattern of the same cell with a reciprocal translocation involving chromosomes 6 and 15. (C) Frequencies of inter-chromosomal exchanges observed for different doses of γ-rays at different post-recovery times. Mean ± SEM. Arrows-translocated chromosomes.
Fig 4.
Chromosome specific distribution of color junctions detected by mFISH technique in human G0 PCCs after exposure to varying doses of γ-rays exposure at different post-recovery times (2 hrs and 6 hrs).
Table 5.
Detection of X-rays induced inter-chromosome exchange events in prematurely condensed human G0 chromosomes using whole chromosome specific DNA cocktail probe (Chr. 1, 2 and 4).
Table 6.
Detection of X-rays induced inter-chromosome exchange events in prematurely condensed G0 human chromosomes using multicolor FISH probe.
Fig 5.
Detection of intra-chromosomal aberrations in G0 PCCs using chromosome specific mBAND probe.
(A) The hybridization pattern of five different fluorochromes [SpO- Spectrum Orange, FITC-Fluorescein isothiocyanate, TR-Texas Red, Cy5- Cyanine 5 and DEAC-7-diethylaminocoumarin; DAPI (4′, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole-chromosome counterstain]. Representative G0 PCCs of control (B) and irradiated (C; 4 Gy of γ-rays) lymphocytes probed with chromosome 5 specific mBAND probe are shown. Note the terminal fragment of one of the chromosomes 5 (arrow) in the irradiated G0 PCC spread. The hybridization patterns observed in the p- and q-arms of metaphase chromosome 5 are shown in the insert. (D) Frequency of total intra-chromosomal aberrations (fragments of p and q arms, translocations and inversions) detected for different γ-rays doses in G0 PCCs. (E) Frequency of breaks observed in the p- and q-arms of the chromosome 5 detected by the mBAND technique. The percentage of breaks observed in the short and long arms of chromosome 5 for different γ-rays doses is shown in the form of histogram. Bars represent SEM.
Fig 6.
Detection of gene loci in G0 PCCs by FISH using gene specific probe sets.
Fluorescently labeled gene probe sets (c-Myc-Texas Red and IgH- Fluorescein; BCR-Fluorescein and ABL-Texas Red) were used for detection. PCCs prepared from 3 Gy X-rays treated lymphocytes were used for detection.