Table 1.
Group comparison.
Table 2.
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing.
Fig 1.
Relation of VE/VCO2 and PaCO2 in patients with HVS and controls.
Slopes of ventilatory efficiency (VE/VCO2) to partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaCO2) at peak exercise are compared in patients with HVS and controls. The shift of the slope of this relationship in patients with HVS is consistent with the observed higher VD/VT ratio (i.e. higher ventilation-perfusion mismatch).
Fig 2.
Relation of VE/VCO2 and VD/VT in patients with HVS and controls.
Slopes of VE/VCO2 and ratio of tidal volume to dead space (VD/VT) at peak exercise are compared in patients with HVS and controls. The shift of the slope of this relationship in patients with HVS is consistent with the observed lower PaCO2 (i.e. increased ventilatory drive).
Fig 3.
VE/VCO2 changes during exercise.
In contrast to patients with HVS, VE/VCO2 decreased during exercise in controls. ** = p<0.01 compared to rest; §§ = p<0.01 HVS vs. control.
Fig 4.
PETCO2 changes during exercise.
In contrast to patients with HVS, PETCO2 increased during exercise in controls. ** = p<0.01 compared to rest; § = p<0.05 HVS vs. control; §§ = p<0.01 HVS vs. control.
Table 3.
Change of ventilatory parameters (peak-rest).
Table 4.
Decision statistics for the change of VE/VCO2 and PETCO2 cut-off values and HVS.