Fig 1.
Capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin content in pepper.
Capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin levels in pepper powder from dried green fruit (16 days post anthesis (dpa)). Values are means ± SD; n = 3.
Fig 2.
Allelic effect of two significantly associated SNPs markers for capsaicin content in C. annuum.
Each plot is labeled with the SNP position in the X-axis. Y-axis represents the values for capsaicin levels (mg·g-1) in pepper powder from dried green fruit. Boxplot A) shows the effect of SNP marker in locus CA06g14430 on chromosome 06, whereas boxplot B) shows the effect of SNP marker in locus CA11g09150 on chromosome 11.
Fig 3.
Phylogenetic relationships of Capsicum species and Arabidopsis ABC transporter proteins.
The 572 and 119 ABC proteins identified from Capsicum species and Arabidopsis, respectively, were subjected to phylogenetic analysis by the neighbor-joining method with 1000 bootstrap replicates. Subfamily names (ABCA-I, except ABCH) are indicated by different colors.
Table 1.
Comparative analysis of ABC proteins between Capsicum and other plant species.
Fig 4.
Chromosomal locations of ABC transporter proteins in pepper C. annuum (green), C. baccatum (blue) and C. chinense (orange).
Chromosome numbers are represented at the top of each chromosome. The left panel scale indicates the chromosome length in Mb. The paralogous ABC gene pairs are represented with different colors and shapes. Orthologs genes of CA06g14430 and CA11g09150 are represented by red and blue boxes respectively.
Table 2.
Ka-Ks calculation of each pair of syntenic Capsicum ABC paralogs.
Fig 5.
Conserved motifs of ABC transporter proteins in Capsicum species.
(A) C. annuum, (B) C. baccatum and (C) C. chinense.
Table 3.
Common putative cis-elements identified in the promoter sequences of ABC proteins genes in Capsicum species.
Fig 6.
Detailed gene ontology analysis results for Capsicum species.
Biological process, cellular component, and molecular function were identified with the Blast2GO program.
Fig 7.
Expression patterns of ABCs transporters in placenta tissue of C. annuum var CM344 and C. chinense.
A) Heat map of expression profiles (in log2-based RPKM) from placenta tissues (6, 16, 35 days post-anthesis (dpa)) of C. annuum and placenta tissues at 16 dpa of two C. chinense varieties (Naga morich and Pimienta da neyde). The expression levels are represented by the color bar: red, upregulated, and blue, downregulated. B) Venn diagram analysis of the tissue expression of CaABC (C. annuum) -CcABC (C. chinense) transporters.
Fig 8.
Gene expression analysis of selected ABC transporters in placenta tissues at 6, 16 and 25 days post-anthesis (dpa) across Capsicum species.
RT-qPCR analysis for A) CA06g14430 homologs (CaABCG28, CbABCG26, and CcABCG37) and B) CA11g09150 orthologs (CaABCC9, CBABCC5 and CcABCC20). Values are means ± SD; n = 3.