Table 1.
Medical treatment of the patients with dilated cardiomyopathy.
Table 2.
Clinical characteristics of the patients with dilated cardiomyopathy whose tissues were examined by RNA-Seq and western blot analyses.
Fig 1.
Altered expression of the autophagy machinery in dilated cardiomyopathy.
Changes in the mRNA expression of autophagy-related genes in dilated hearts (gray bars) vs. control (CNT) hearts (black bars). The values from the CNTs were set to 1. Data are presented as the fold change ± standard error of the mean. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs. CNTs.
Fig 2.
Altered expression of the phagocytosis machinery in dilated cardiomyopathy.
Changes in the mRNA expression of phagocytosis-related genes in dilated hearts (gray bars) vs. control (CNT) hearts (black bars). The values from the CNTs were set to 1. Bars display the fold change ± standard error of the mean. *P < 0.05 vs. CNTs.
Fig 3.
Protein expression levels of NRBP2 and CALCOCO2 in dilated cardiomyopathy.
Bar graphs comparing the NRBP2 (A) and CALCOCO2 (B) protein levels in dilated hearts (gray bars) vs. control (CNT) hearts (black bars). The values from the CNTs were set to 1. Bars display the fold change ± standard error of the mean. *P < 0.001 vs. CNTs.
Fig 4.
Micrographs of autophagic structures in sections of left ventricular tissue.
A and B) Dense bodies in the control (CNT) tissue and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) tissue, respectively. C) Vacuolar autophagic structure. D) Endosomal structure. E) Autophagic structure in the advanced stage (late endosomal + lysosome). F) Multivesicular body. G) Lamellar or myelinated body. Except for image A, the rest of the images are from DCM samples. Arrows indicate the structures of interest. The white bars represent 500 nm.