Table 1.
Assessment of the specificity of the multiplex TaqMan real-time PCR assay for M. canis and M. cynos by testing different viral and bacterial strains.
Table 2.
Clinical scores of respiratory signs from dogs at the time of sample collection.
Fig 1.
Rate of detection of canine infectious respiratory disease pathogens detected by PCR assays in a veterinary diagnostic laboratory.
(A) Total detection of pathogens in respiratory specimens from 2011 to 2017. (B) Rate of detection according to season. Two seasons, cold and warm, were determined based on the average temperatures of the state of Georgia (USA). Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus was not displayed in graphs B, C and D because all samples were negative for this pathogen. Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals. Data were analyzed using Fisher`s Exact test: * P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.
Fig 2.
Rate of detection of canine infectious respiratory pathogens by age (A) and clinical presentation (scores) (B).
Age class: puppyhood (0 to 12 months, n = 158), adolescence (1 to 3 years, n = 160), adulthood (4 to 8 years, n = 119) and seniors (≥ 8 years, n = 99). Sample set included in the PCR panel in 2017 (canine parainfluenza virus, Mycoplasma canis and M. cynos): puppyhood n = 42, adolescent n = 30, adulthood n = 20, senior n = 19 (A). Clinical score 0 (asymptomatic dogs, n = 52), score 1 (cough or sneeze or nasal discharge, n = 213), score 2 (signs from score 1 in addition to fever or lethargy/depression or inappetence or pneumonia, n = 223) (B). All samples were negative for Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus. Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals. Data were analyzed using Fisher`s Exact test and Bonferroni correction: * P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.
Fig 3.
Visualization of CIRD co-infections interactions in Network 3D, n = 95 (Williams, 2010; Yoon et al., 2004).
The network shows strong connectivity between CPIV+M. canis, CPIV+M. cynos, CPIV+M. cynos+M. canis, CPIV+B. bronchiseptica, B. bronchiseptica+M. cynos+CPIV, CPIV+M. cynos+M. canis.
Table 3.
Multimodel coefficients estimate, standard error (SE), Z and P values for the averaged top binomial generalized linear models with clinical score (mild or severe) as response.