Fig 1.
Swept-source optical coherent tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) scan and of the peripapillary area and macula showing superficial vascular plexus.
Swept-source optical coherent tomography (SS-OCT) scan (4.5 x 4.5 mm) of the peripapillary area and macula showing superficial vascular plexus as entire en face region (top). The value of the retinal vessel density (RVD) was calculated based on the intensity of the OCTA image. The “Density Map” (bottom) is a color map generated according to the brightness averages of the OCTA images.
Table 1.
Demographics and clinical characteristics of healthy subjects and POAG.
Table 2.
Intra-visit repeatability and inter-visit reproducibility of retinal vessel density in healthy and POAG groups.
Table 3.
Diurnal distributions of retinal vessel density (%) and hemodynamic parameters for each measurement session with ANOVA P values.
Table 4.
The magnitude (maximum diurnal changes [ΔMax.]) of diurnal variation of retinal vessel density and hemodynamic parameters between healthy subjects and POAG.
Fig 2.
Patterns of diurnal variation of RVD and hemodynamic parameters in healthy subjects and POAG patients.
The average RVDs in the peripapillary (optic disc head, superior, inferior, temporal, nasal) and macular (fovea, superior, inferior, temporal, nasal) areas are shown at the top. SBP, DBP, IOP, and MOPP were recorded every 3 hours from 8 a.m. to 8 p.m. The RVD and hemodynamic variations in each group were analyzed by ANOVA, and the inter-group comparison was assessed by a linear mixed model.
Table 5.
Post hoc analysis of macular RVD, DBP, and MOPP in healthy subjects and POAG.
Fig 3.
Representative cases of diurnal variation of peripapillary retinal vessel density (pRVD) and macular retinal vessel density (mRVD).
(A) A 44-year-old woman enrolled among the healthy subjects demonstrated an average pRVD of 55.87% and an average mRVD of 42.07% at 8 a.m. At 2 p.m., MOPP was the lowest, 48.22mmHg, and pRVD, 55.79%, was slightly decreased compared with 8 a.m., but at 8 p.m., MOPP had increased again to 52.22mmHg,with elevated pRVD and mRVD of 56.37 and 42.02%, respectively.(B) A 46-year-oldwoman with POAG (VF MD, -19.72 dB) had a MOPP of 59.66mmHg, an average pRVD of 50.96%, and an average mRVD of 43.57%, all of which were the highest daily values. At 5 p.m., the pRVD and mRVD had decreased to 48.33 and 39.07%, respectively, accompanied by a MOPP of 53.30 mmHg. However, at 8 p.m., all had decreased further, to 45.66, 37.76, and 46.22% for MOPP, pRVD, and mRVD, respectively.