Fig 1.
Borderline OCB pattern was defined as one clear CSF band (type a) or two clear CSF bands (type b) without corresponding band(s) in serum, or as weak bands in CSF that are not clearly distinguishable from artefacts (type c). Abbreviations: CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; OCB, oligoclonal bands.
Fig 2.
1 OCB negative status was defined as no bands in CSF and serum, or as bands in the CSF identical to those in serum. 2 OCB positive status was defined as three or more bands in the CSF without corresponding bands in serum. 3 Borderline OCB pattern was the case when one or two clear bands were present in the CSF without corresponding band(s) in serum, or when weak bands in CSF were not clearly distinguishable from artefacts. 4 Original borderline OCB pattern could not be recovered in 35 CSF and serum sample pairs which were excluded from analysis. 5 A total of 63 patients were excluded because clinical information was either missing or insufficient for allocation to disease groups (according to Teunissen et al. Mult Scler. 2013 Nov;19(13):1802–9). 6 Patients with non-inflammatory diseases (i.e. of the NIND, SC, and no neurological disease group) require normal CSF WBC count. Therefore, a total of 10 patients of the NIND (two patients each with traumatic brain injury, stroke, CNS neoplasia, subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy, polyneuropathy) and 4 of the SC group (three with vertebrogenic syndromes and one with headache associated with infection) showing a median WBC count of 6/μl were excluded. Abbreviations: CNS, central nervous system; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; IEF, isoelectric focusing; NIND, non-inflammatory neurological disease; OCB, oligoclonal bands; SC, symptomatic control; WBC, white blood cell.
Fig 3.
1 limited to 1st September 2018 2 Studies were eligible when NINDC, SC, SAS or healthy subjects (Teunissen et al. Mult Scler. 2013 Nov;19(13):1802–9) were part of study population. 3 Freedman et al. Arch Neurol. 2005 Jun;62(6):865–70; Andersson et al. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1994 Aug;57(8):897–902 n, number of items returned by PubMed search Abbreviations: CIS, clinically isolated syndrome; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; IEF, isoelectric focusing; IgG, immunoglobulin G; IgM, immunoglobulin M; MS, multiple sclerosis; NINDC, non-inflammatory neurological disease controls; OCB, oligoclonal bands; SAS, spinal anesthesia subjects; SC, symptomatic controls.
Table 1.
Demographic and routine CSF findings according to disease groups.
Fig 4.
Reproducibility of borderline OCB pattern.
Results in a subgroup of patients (n = 100) eligible for IEF replication experiments are shown. The 1st run of IEF shows the frequency of original OCB sub-pattern a, b and c, whereas the 2nd run of IEF shows the results of the replication experiments. Results are shown as percentage for (A) the whole patient group, (B) patients with IND, (C) PIND, (D) NIND, (E) SC and (F) NND. In panel (G) reproducibility of any borderline OCB pattern as well as of OCB sub-pattern are shown. Abbreviations: CSF+/S+, OCB in the CSF with identical bands in serum; CSF-/S-, no bands in CSF and serum; IEF, isoelectric focusing; IND, inflammatory neurological disease; NIND, non-inflammatory neurological disease; NND, no neurological disease; OCB, oligoclonal bands; PIND, peripheral inflammatory neurological disease; SC, symptomatic control.
Table 2.
Reports on the diagnostic value of oligoclonal bands.