Fig 1.
The oscillogram (top) and spectrogram (bottom) of vibrational signals of Macrohomotoma gladiata Kuwayama.
Blue: male, red: female.
Fig 2.
Illustration of each treatment of wing-cut in the study.
Fig 3.
Signal amplitude (voltage ratio) of male calling of Macrohomotoma gladiata in each treatment.
A1: Control (entire forewing and hindwing, n = 13); A2: Forewing cut (n = 10); A3: Hindwing cut (n = 9); A4: Both wings cut (n = 7); A5: Anal area of forewing cut (n = 7); A6: Forewing cut but axillary sclerite left (n = 11). (Kruskal Wallis test, H = 70.73, P < 0.001).
Fig 4.
Oscillogram of treated vibrational signals of Macrohomotoma gladiata Kuwayama.
A1: Control; A3: Hindwing cut; A5: Anal area of forewing cut; A6: Forewing cut but axillary sclerite left.
Table 1.
The effect of forewing cut treatment (A2) and forewing cut but axillary sclerite left treatment (A6) on signal amplitude (voltage ratio) in psyllid species belonging to different families.
Fig 5.
Photographs of scanning electron microscope showing dorsal view of the axillary sclerite in five species of psyllids belonging to different families.
A: Macrohomotoma gladiata Kuwayama; B: Trioza sozanica (Boselli); C: Mesohomotoma camphorae Kuwayama; D: Cacopsylla oluanpiensis (Yang); E: Cacopsylla tobirae (Miyatake). Yellow arrow: Protuberances on the surface of secondary axillary sclerite. Red arrow: scale-like surface of mesothorax scutum.