Table 1.
Size metrics of the three Z. marina seed size classes used in the experiment.
Values are median with 95% confidence intervals. Letters indicate significant difference (P<0.05) between the seed size classes.
Table 2.
Expected time to 50% seedling emergence of unsorted, large and small seed size classes.
Letters indicate significant difference (P<0.05) between seed sediment depths of unsorted seeds and between seed size and sediment depth of the small and large seed size classes.
Fig 1.
Seedling emergence and remaining seeds at sediment burial depths.
Mean percentage of total emerged seedlings from unsorted (A) and sorted (B) seeds 2 months after planting at different sediment depths. Letters indicate significant difference (P<0.05) between depths. Mean percentage of total planted seeds that were viable, dead or unsuccessfully emerged after 2 months (C) and 6 months (E) for unsorted seeds, and after 2.5 months for large (D) and small (F) seeds, at the different seed burial depths.
Table 3.
Likelihood ratio tests for the effect of burial depth on total seedling emergence.
Generalized linear mixed model testing the effect of sediment depth on seedling emergence from unsorted seeds, and generalized linear model for effect of depth and seed size on emergence from large and small seed size classes (sorted seeds).
Table 4.
Likelihood ratio test for effect of burial depth on unemerged seeds remaining in the sediment.
Generalized linear model (GLM) testing the 1) effect of seed sampling time (June and October) and burial depth on the unemerged, unsorted seeds that were dead, viable or had failed to emerge and 2) the effect of seed size and burial depth on unemerged seeds from the planted large and small seed size classes.
Fig 2.
Effect of sediment depth on biomass of Z. marina seedlings of unsorted seed origin.
Mean above- (A, B) and belowground (C, D) biomass of seedlings originating from unsorted seeds and harvested in June and October, 2 and 6 months after experimental start, respectively. Values are mean ± SE.
Table 5.
ANOVA test results for effects of burial depth on seedling biomass.
One-way ANOVA testing the effect of seed burial depth on the biomass (mg DW seedling-1) of seedlings emerging from unsorted seeds two (June) and six (October) months after planting, respectively, and two-way ANOVA testing the effect of seed burial depth and seed size on seedlings emerging from small and large seed-size classes (sorted seeds).
Fig 3.
Biomass of Z. marina seedlings originating from large and small seeds.
Mean aboveground (A) and belowground biomass (B) of seedlings harvested in July, 2.5 months after experimental start. Values are mean ± SE.