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Fig 1.

Amblyosyllis drawings from early polychaete literature.

(A) Amblyosyllis lineata, by McIntosh [7]. (B) Pterosyllis dorsigera, by Claparède [5]. (C) Nicotia lineolata, by Costa [6]. (D) Amblyosyllis speciosa, by Izuka [3].

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Fig 1 Expand

Table 1.

Valid species [26], geographic distribution and synonymies.

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Fig 2.

Map with sampling localities.

Bioregions from Spalding et al. [79].

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Fig 2 Expand

Table 2.

Morphospecies proposal and interspecific features.

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Fig 3.

Invariable characters in Amblyosyllis.

Photo: Amblyosyllis clarae n. sp. MNCN 16.01/17994.

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Fig 3 Expand

Fig 4.

Interspecific variable characters in Amblyosyllis.

(A) Nuchal lappets. (B) Trepan. (C) Chaetae. (D) Chaetal teeth relative size. (E) Chaetal length. (F) Colour patterns.

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Fig 4 Expand

Fig 5.

Phylogenetic results and haplotypes.

On the left: Maximum Likelihood tree obtained when analysing the combined data set (COI+16S+28S). Bootstrap support values (B) above nodes. Lineages considered are those with support of 100 B and relative length of branch length. On the right: Haplotype networks from markers: COI (colours correspond to bioregions, see legend); 16S (blue) and 28S (black). Size of circles corresponds to sample size (see legend on figure). Each network represents congruent results after TCS analysis of each of the three markers. Red lines indicate different network incongruent results from at least one marker.

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Fig 5 Expand

Fig 6.

Summary of results obtained through different methodologies.

From the left to the right: phylogenetic analysis (ML tree from combined data set (COI+16S+28S)); morphology; distances; TCS; mPTP. On the right: taxonomic proposal and geographic localities of samples. White dots represent missing data. Bars in grey (morphogroups G, H and P) represent variability regarding some of the selected morphological characters to differentiate morphospecies.

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Fig 6 Expand

Fig 7.

Amblyosyllis antoni n. sp.

(A) Anterior end, live specimen, dorsal view, MNCN 16.01/18463. (B) Anterior end, preserved specimen, dorsal view, MNCN 16.01/17972. (C) Trepan. (D) Detail of the proventricle, SEM. (E) Dorsal chaeta, midbody segment. (F) Medial chaeta, midbody segment. (G) Ventral chaeta, midbody segment.

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Fig 8.

Amblyosyllis antoni n. sp. SEM.

(A) Dorsal chaeta, anterior segment. (B) Dorsal chaeta, anterior segment. (C) Medial chaeta, anterior segment (D) Ventral chaetae, anterior segment.

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Fig 8 Expand

Fig 9.

Amblyosyllis sp. 1.

(A) Live specimen, dorsal view, MNCN 16.01/17973. (B) Live specimen, anterior end, dorsal view, MNCN 16.01/17974. (C) Anterior chaetae, SEM. (D) Dorsal chaeta, midbody segment. (E) Medial chaeta, midbody segment. (F) Ventral chaeta, midbody segment.

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Fig 9 Expand

Fig 10.

Amblyosyllis sp. 2.

(A) Live specimen, dorsal view, MNCN 16.01/17975. (B) Dorsal chaeta, midbody segment. (C) Medial chaeta, midbody segment. (D) Ventral chaeta, midbody segment. (E) Dorsal chaeta, anterior segment, SEM. (F) Medial chaeta, anterior segment, SEM. (G) Ventral chaeta, anterior segment, SEM.

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Fig 10 Expand

Fig 11.

Amblyosyllis sp. 3.

(A) Live specimens, dorsal view, MNCN 16.01/17976. (B) Dorsal chaeta, midbody segment. (C) Medial chaeta, midbody segment. (D) Ventral chaeta, midbody segment. (E) Dorsal chaeta, anterior segment, SEM. (F) Medial chaeta, anterior segment, SEM. (G) Medial chaeta, anterior segment, SEM. (H) Ventral chaeta, anterior segment, SEM.

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Fig 11 Expand

Fig 12.

Amblyosyllis finmarchica.

(A) Live specimen, dorsal view, MNCN 16.01/17978. (B) Trepan tooth (nine cusps in focus). (C) trepan tooth (five cusps in focus). (D) Dorsal chaeta, midbody segment. (E) Medial chaeta, midbody segment. (F) Ventral chaeta, midbody segment. (G) Medial chaeta, anterior segment, SEM. (H) Ventral chaeta, anterior segment, SEM.

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Fig 13.

Amblyosyllis ovei n. sp.

(A–E). Live specimens with slight differences in the colour pattern, dorsal view; A: MNCN 16.01/17985, B: MNCN 16.01/17986, C: MNCN 16.01/17983, D: MNCN 16.01/17984, E: MNCN 16.01/17985. (F) Dorsal chaeta, midbody segment. (G) Medial chaeta, midbody segment. (H) Ventral chaeta, midbody segment.

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Fig 14.

Amblyosyllis ovei n. sp. SEM.

(A) Anterior end, dorsal view. (B) Anterior parapodia, dorsolateral view. (C) Dorsal chaetae, anterior segment. (D) Dorsal and medial chaetae, anterior segment. (E) Medial chaeta, anterior segment. (F) Ventral chaeta, anterior segment.

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Fig 15.

Amblyosyllis sp. 4.

(A) Live specimen, dorsal view, MNCN 16.01/17987. (B) Dorsal chaeta, midbody segment. (C) Medial chaeta, midbody segment. (D) Ventral chaeta, midbody segment. (E, F) Dorsal chaetae, anterior segment, SEM. (G) Medial chaeta, anterior segment, SEM. (H) Ventral chaeta, midbody segment, SEM.

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Fig 16.

Amblyosyllis madeirensis.

(A–F) Live specimens with slight differences in the colour pattern, dorsal view. A: MNCN 16.01/17988, B: MNCN 16.01/17991, C: MNCN 16.01/17990, D: MNCN 16.01/17993, E: MNCN 16.01/17989, F: MNCN 16.01/17992. (G) Trepan. (H) Dorsal chaeta, midbody segment. (I) Medial chaeta, midbody segment. (J) Ventral chaeta, midbody segment.

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Fig 17.

Amblyosyllis madeirensis. SEM.

(A) Anterior parapodium, ventral view. (B) Dorsal chaetae, anterior segment. (C) Medial chaetae, anterior segment. (D) Ventral chaeta, anterior segment.

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Fig 18.

Amblyosyllis clarae n. sp.

(A) Live specimen, dorsal view, MNCN 16.01/17994. (B) Trepan teeth. (C) Complete trepan. (D) Midbody chaetiger and ventral cirri. (E) Dorsal chaeta, midbody segment. (F) Medial chaeta, midbody segment. (G) Ventral chaeta, midbody segment.

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Fig 19.

Amblyosyllis clarae n. sp. SEM.

(A–C) Dorsal chaetae, anterior segment. (D) Dorsal to medial chaetae, anterior segment.

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Fig 20.

Amblyosyllis lineata.

(A–F) Live specimens with differences in the colour pattern, dorsal view; A: MNCN 16.01/18004, B: MNCN 16.01/18008, C: MNCN 16.01/18011, D: MNCN 16.01/18012, E: MNCN 16.01/18003, F: MNCN 16.01/18009. (G) Dorsal chaeta, midbody segment. (H) Medial chaeta, midbody segment. (I) Ventral chaeta, midbody segment.

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Fig 20 Expand

Fig 21.

Amblyosyllis lineata. SEM.

(A–C) Medial chaetae, midbody segment. (D) Medial to ventral chaeta, midbody segment.

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Fig 21 Expand

Fig 22.

Amblyosyllis emilioi n. sp.

(A) Live specimen, dorsal view, MNCN 16.01/18018. (B, C) Trepan, cusps difficult to discern. (D) Dorsal chaeta, midbody segment, SEM. (E) Ventral chaeta, midbody segment, SEM. F. Medial chaetae, midbody segment. (G) Medial chaeta, midbody segment. (H) Ventral chaeta, midbody segment.

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Fig 23.

Amblyosyllis rhombeata n. sp.

(A) Live specimen, dorsal view, MNCN 16.01/18023. (B) Dorsal chaeta, midbody segment, SEM. (C) Dorsal chaeta, midbody segment. (D) Medial chaeta, midbody segment. (E) Ventral chaeta, midbody segment.

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Fig 24.

Amblyosyllis hectori n. sp.

(A) Live specimen, dorsal view, MNCN 16.01/18026. (B) Dorsal chaeta, midbody segment. (C) Medial chaeta, midbody segment. (D) Ventral chaeta, midbody segment. (E–G) Chaetae, midbody segment, SEM.

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Fig 25.

Amblyosyllis anae n. sp.

(A) Live specimen, dorsal view, MNCN 16.01/18028. (B) Dorsal chaeta, midbody segment. (C) Medial chaeta, midbody segment. (D) Ventral chaeta, midbody segment. (E, F) Trepan teeth, cusps difficult to discern. (G) Dorsal chaetae, midbody segment, SEM. (H) Ventral chaetae, midbody segment, SEM.

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Fig 26.

Amblyosyllis nigrolineata.

(A) Live specimen, dorsal view, MNCN 16.01/18041. (B) Trepan. (C) Dorsal chaeta, midbody segment. (D) Medial chaeta, midbody segment. (E) Ventral chaeta, midbody segment. (F) Chaetal fascicle, midbody segment, SEM. (G, H) Medial chaetae, midbody segment, SEM. (I) Ventral chaeta, midbody segment, SEM.

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Fig 27.

Amblyosyllis plectorhyncha.

(A) Live specimen, dorsal view, MNCN 16.01/18044. (B) Dorsal chaeta, midbody segment. (C) Medial chaeta, midbody segment. (D) Ventral chaeta, midbody segment. (E) Dorsal chaeta, anterior segment, SEM. (F) Dorsal chaetae, midbody segment, SEM. (G, H) Medial chaetae, midbody segment, SEM.

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Fig 28.

Amblyosyllis idae n. sp.

(A–B) Live specimens with differences in colour patterns, dorsal view; A: MNCN 16.01/18050, B: MNCN 16.01/18049. (C) Trepan. (D) Dorsal chaeta, midbody segment. (E) Medial chaeta, midbody segment. (F) Ventral chaeta, midbody segment.

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Fig 29.

Amblyosyllis idae n. sp. SEM.

(A) Midbody fascicle, ventral view. (B) Dorsal chaeta, midbody segment. (C–E) Medial chaetae, midbody segments. (F) Ventral chaeta, midbody segment.

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Fig 30.

Amblyosyllis spectabilis.

(A–G) Live specimens with differences in the colour patterns, dorsal view; A: MNCN 16.01/18065, B: MNCN 16.01/18075, C: MNCN 16.01/18061, D: MNCN 16.01/18076, E: MNCN 16.01/18064, F: MNCN 16.01/18073, G: MNCN 16.01/18074.

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Fig 31.

Amblyosyllis spectabilis.

(A–G) Live specimens with differences in the colour patterns, dorsal view; A: MNCN 16.01/18080, B: MNCN 16.01/18052, C: MNCN 16.01/18059, D: MNCN 16.01/18060, E: MNCN 16.01/18058, F: MNCN 16.01/18057, G: MNCN 16.01/18077.

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Fig 32.

Amblyosyllis spectabilis.

(A–J) Trepans of different individuals. (K) Dorsal chaeta, midbody segment. (L) Medial chaeta, midbody segment. (M) Ventral chaeta, midbody segment.

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Fig 32 Expand

Fig 33.

Amblyosyllis spectabilis. SEM.

(A) Dorsal and medial chaetae, midbody segment. (B–C) Dorsal and medial chaetae, midbody segment. (D) Ventral chaeta, midbody segment.

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