Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of 699 participants per modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) breathlessness score at age 55.
Table 2.
Association between breathlessness and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) events, cardiac events and all-cause mortality.
Fig 1.
Risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) events (hospitalisation, out-clinic diagnosis or diagnosis from death-certificate) per modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) grade from age 55 throughout life.
Calculated using competing risks regression.
Fig 2.
Risk of cardiac events (hospitalisation or death certificates) per modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) grade from age 55 throughout life.
Calculated using competing risk regression.
Fig 3.
All-cause mortality per modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) grade from age 55 and throughout life.
P-values were calculated using log rank tests.
Table 3.
Association between breathlessness and incident chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) events and incident cardiac events.
Analyses were performed in participants with normal lung function or no previous cardiac event at baseline, respectively.
Table 4.
Incidences and associations between breathlessness (mMRC>1) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) events, cardiac events and all-cause mortality by trajectory of breathlessness using data from baseline and follow-up in 1982–83.