Fig 1.
Definition of the different angles from antero-posterior radiographs.
Tibial inclination (TI): acute angle between the perpendicular line and the tibial axis. Talar tilt (TT): acute angle between the tangent of the horizontal line and the superior talar surface. Distal tibial articular surface (TAS): the angle between the distal tibial joint surface and the tibial shaft.
Fig 2.
The measurement of proximal migration of lateral malleolar.
The fibular length was measured. To minimize the error, the proximal point was fixed at the intersection of fibular and tibial cortical, the distal point was located at the tip of lateral malleolar.
Fig 3.
Measurements of hindfoot alignment.
The angle between a line drawn from the most inferior point of calcaneus to joint line the intersection and the tibial axis was defined as the hindfoot alignment view angle (HAVA). The hindfoot alignment ratio (HAR) was calculated as B/A, the widest point width of the calcaneus was divided as medial and lateral part by the tibial axis (B and A). The vertical distance from the most distal point of calcaneus to the tibial axis was defined as the hindfoot moment arm (HMA) (C).
Fig 4.
Preoperative and postoperative radiographs of a 68-year-old man.
(A) Preoperative radiographs exhibited that a severe degree of medial compartment osteoarthritis. (B) Postoperative radiographs after PFO immediately, the alignment of knee and ankle was not changed obviously (C) Postoperative radiographs at 3 months after PFO shows that the recovered medial joint space and improved alignment of ankle (D) Postoperative radiographs at 1 years after PFO shows that medial joint space and improved alignment of ankle was maintained with some decrease.
Table 1.
Preoperative and final follow-up radiological measurement.
Fig 5.
Preoperative and postoperative clinical assessment of the 68-year-old man.
(A) (B) Preoperative photographs exhibited that a limited range of motion. (C) (D) Postoperative photographs at 1 years after PFO, the improved range of motion in knee joint.
Table 2.
Preoperative and final follow-up clinical measurement.