Table 1.
Summary of clinical details for epilepsy patients and EEG results.
Table 2.
Full epilepsy 7T MRI protocol imaging parameters.
Fig 1.
(A) Patient 19 –clockwise from top left: A low resolution localizer indicating the coronal-oblique slice thorough the hippocampus shown; 7T: MP2RAGE UniDen reconstruction visualizing the cavity; 7T:T2 TSE image showing a coronal oblique slice through the hippocampus and a visualization of the parenchymal cavernoma; 3T: T2 TSE scan, acquired previously, showing the location of the lesion. On the 3T image, the lesion was less conspicuous and therefore went undiagnosed despite being identified in a retrospective examination of the image; SWI axial slice where the cavernoma can be clearly identified. (B) Patient 24—from top left: A 7T FLAIR image showing relatively equivalent signal intensity in both hippocampi; 7T:T2 TSE image showing full coronal-oblique slice and right hippocampal sclerosis, and 3T T2 images showing the hippocampus.7T:T2 TSE slice series showing a coronal oblique slice through the hippocampus showing right hippocampal sclerosis with decreased digitation and lamination without accompanying signal change in the hippocampus on the FLAIR image. The 3T T2 images for this subject do not show this architectural change in the hippocampus.
Fig 2.
(A) Patient 7 –clockwise from top left: Localizer image showing the location of the axial slices; 3T T2 axial image of the lesion illustrating subtle changes in cortical thickness detected only after the lesion was identified at 7T; 7T T2 TSE slice visualizing the polymicrogyria marked by a yellow arrow highlighting the texture of the polymicrogyria; 7T: MP2RAGE with T1 weighted reconstruction highlighting the abnormal thickening of the cortex due to the polymicrogyria; 3T T1-w spin-echo of the same region; 7T SWI axial slice showing abnormal vasculature due to the polymicrogyria (B) Patient 36 –clockwise from top left: Localizer image showing the location of the axial slices; MP2RAGE full coronal-oblique slice showing cortical dysplasia (yellow arrow) in the left parietal lobe; enlarged slices of 7T MP2RAGE image showing cortical dysplasia marked by a yellow arrow in the left parietal lobe; 7T FLAIR slice showing the location of the cortical dysplasia (yellow arrow) enlarged slices of 7T T2 TSE image showing cortical dysplasia (yellow arrow) in the left parietal lobe.
Fig 3.
(A) Patient 17 –clockwise from top left: Localizer image showing the location of the axial slices; an enlarged view of a DVA associated with the sSOZ identified on the SWI; full axial slice of 7T SWI minimum intensity projection showing a DVA.(B) Patient 10 –left to right: Localizer image showing the location of the axial slices; T2 TSE slice (full slice above, enlarged image below) showing a cortical thickness defect indicated by a yellow arrow, initially identified on SWI; SWI slice (full slice above, enlarged image below) showing a punctate focus of susceptibility indicated by a yellow arrow co-localized with a cortical thickness defect.
Table 3.
Summary of epilepsy patient results.
Fig 4.
Graph showing numbers of reported findings in both controls (pink) and patients with epilepsy when blinded (light blue), and unblinded (dark blue). Grey shaded rows show total numbers for a particular category of findings. Abbreviations: PVS-perivascular spaces; SWI–susceptibility weighted imaging.
Table 4.
Summary of MRI findings in controls.
Table 5.
Summary of epilepsy patients progressing to surgery and utility of 7T information for surgical intervention.