Fig 1.
Extreme morphological differentiation in C. varians.
Soldier (A, left) compared to a minor workers (A, right). (B) Soldier using shield-shaped head to block nest entrance (minor worker above). Photo credit: Alexander Wild.
Fig 2.
Multivariate analyses of caste and subcaste differences in brain structure.
(A) False-colored template brains of gynes, soldiers, and minor workers (OL: blue, AL: green, MBC: yellow, MBP: orange, CX: purple, ROCX: gray, SEZ: not shown). (B) Dendrogram with AU p-values (%) at nodes from hierarchical analysis. (C) Inertia ellipses with center of mass determined from discriminate function analysis. (B-C) Minor: red, soldier: green, gyne: blue.
Table 1.
SMA analyses of log-transformed regions of interest and RH volumes for different female groups.
Fig 3.
Representative micrographs of MG structure.
Minor (A), soldier (B), and gyne (C) brains shown with scale bars = 50μm (A-C). MG quantification method in an image of a gyne brain (D). Inset magnification shows distal lip circle.
Fig 4.
MG density and size varies across C. varians castes.
MG density (A, B) and size (C, D) in the lip (A, C) and collar (B, D) in minors (N = 14), soldiers (N = 10), and gynes (N = 11). Tukey HSD p-value: NS > 0.05; * <0.01; ** <0.001.