Fig 1.
Study sites of the 2016 survey and geographical distribution of Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus (SLCMV).
(A) Location of sampling sites in Cambodia and Vietnam (green dots) with potential distribution of Bemisia tabaci (%) adapted from [32,33]. (B) Map of clustered sampling points for SLCMV detection in Cambodia and Southern Vietnam. Orange circles indicate sites of SLCMV infection, while green circles indicate sites with no detected infection. The number in each circle indicates the number of plants sampled for SLCMV diagnosis. (C) SLCMV within-field incidence in seven infected fields of Stung Treng province.
Table 1.
Sampling locations in Vietnam and Cambodia.
Table 2.
Number of Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus (SLCMV)-infected plants and infection rate in each field of Ratanakiri and Stung Treng provinces.
Fig 2.
Symptoms observed on SLCMV positive plants identified in Cambodia.
(A)-(C) Typical CMD symptoms on leaves, (A) mosaic, (B) deformation, and (C) curl. (D) Asymptomatic plant testing positive by PCR for SLCMV infection. (E) Plant with mosaic symptoms only on upper leaves and (F) plant with systemic mosaic symptoms.
Table 3.
Symptom development in SLCMV-infected plants.
Fig 3.
Maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees of the AC1 gene (replication associated protein coding region) of DNA-A, including that of available Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus and Indian cassava mosaic virus isolates.
The equivalent to each sequence from tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) was used as an out-group to root the tree. The sequences were aligned, and phylogenetically re-constructed by MEGA7 software with 1,000 boot strap replications, obtained by the neighbor-joining method. Orange background indicates sequences of SLCMV isolates from this study: sequences 1 and 2 are from Ratanakiri province, and 3,5,6,7,8,9, J1, and P are from Stung Treng province. Red background indicates the sequence published by the first report of SLCMV in Cambodia.
Table 4.
Origin of planting materials in fields testing positive for SLCMV.