Table 1.
Sequences of primers used for RT-PCR analysis.
Fig 1.
Effects of different concentrations of Cd(NO3)2 on the adventitious rooting in cucumber explants.
The primary roots were removed from hypocotyls of 5-day-old cucumber seedlings. Explants were incubated for 5 days with distilled water (control) or different concentrations of Cd(NO3)2 (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 μM). Adventitious root numbers (A) were expressed as mean ± SE. Bars not sharing the same letters were significantly different (P<0.05). Photos (B) were taken 5 days after the treatment, bar = 1cm.
Fig 2.
Effects of different concentrations of HRW on the adventitious rooting in cucumber explants under Cd stress.
The primary roots were removed from hypocotyls of 5-day-old cucumber seedlings. Explants were incubated for 5d with distilled water (control) or different concentrations of HRW and Cd(NO3)2 co-treatment (1μM Cd(NO3)2,1% HRW+1μM Cd(NO3)2, 10% HRW+1μM Cd(NO3)2, 50%HRW+1μM Cd(NO3)2 and 100%HRW+1μM Cd(NO3)2). Adventitious root numbers (A) were expressed as mean ± SE. Bars not sharing the same letters were significantly different (P<0.05). Photos (B) were taken 5 days after the treatment, bar = 1cm.
Fig 3.
Effects of HRW on malondialdehyde (MDA) content, relative electrical conductivity (REC) and lipoxygenase (LOX) activity during adventitious root development in cucumber explants under Cd stress.
The primary roots were removed from hypocotyls of 5-day-old cucumber seedlings. Explants were incubated for 2 d with distilled water (control), 50%HRW, 1μM Cd(NO3)2, 50%HRW+1μM Cd(NO3)2. MDA content (A), relative conductivity (B) and LOX activity (C) were measured at 0, 12, 24 and 48 h and expressed as mean ± SE, respectively. Bars not sharing the same letters were significantly different (P<0.05).
Fig 4.
Effects of HRW on the content of H2O2, O2- and TBARS during adventitious roots development in cucumber under Cd stress.
The primary roots were removed from hypocotyls of 5-day-old cucumber seedlings. Explants were incubated for 2 d with distilled water (control), 50%HRW, 1μM Cd(NO3)2, 50%HRW + 1μM Cd(NO3)2. Photos of DAB and NBT staining were taken 24 h after the treatment (B, D).The content of H2O2 (A), O2- (C) and TBARS (E) were measured at 0, 12, 24 and 48h and expressed as mean ± SE, respectively. Bars not sharing the same letters were significantly different (P<0.05).
Fig 5.
Effects of HRW on AsA content, DHA content, AsA/DHA, GSH content, GSSG content and GSH/GSSG during adventitious roots development in cucumber under Cd stress.
The primary roots were removed from hypocotyls of 5-day-old cucumber seedlings. Explants were incubated for 2 d with distilled water (control), 50%HRW, 1μM Cd(NO3)2, 50%HRW+1μM Cd(NO3)2. AsA/DHA (C), GSH/GSSG (F) and the content of AsA (A), DHA (B), GSH (D) and GSSG (E) were measured at 0, 12, 24 and 48h and expressed as mean ± SE, respectively. Bars not sharing the same letters were significantly different (P<0.05).
Fig 6.
Effects of HRW on Ascorbate-glutathione cycle related enzyme activity and gene expression during adventitious root development in cucumber under Cd stress.
The primary roots were removed from hypocotyls of 5-day-old cucumber seedlings. Explants were incubated for 2 d with distilled water (control), 50%HRW, 1μM Cd(NO3)2, 50%HRW+1μM Cd(NO3)2. The relative enzyme expression and activity of APX (A), MDHAR (B), DHAR (C) and GR (D) were expressed as mean ± SE, respectively. Bars not sharing the same letters were significantly different (P<0.05).
Fig 7.
Effects of HRW on the content of soluble sugar, soluble protein and Pro during adventitious root development in cucumber under Cd stress.
The primary roots were removed from hypocotyls of 5-day-old cucumber seedlings. Explants were incubated for 2 d with distilled water (control), 50%HRW, 1μM Cd(NO3)2, 50%HRW+1μM Cd(NO3)2. The content of soluble sugar (A), soluble protein (B)and pro (C) were measured at 0, 12, 24 and 48h and expressed as mean ± SE, respectively. Bars not sharing the same letters were significantly different (P<0.05).
Fig 8.
Effects of HRW on the activity of POD, PPO and IAAO during adventitious root development in cucumber under Cd stress.
The primary roots were removed from hypocotyls of 5-day-old cucumber seedlings. Explants were incubated for 2 d with distilled water (control), 50%HRW, 1μM Cd(NO3)2, 50%HRW + 1μM Cd(NO3)2. The activity of POD (A), PPO (B) and IAAO (C) were measured at 0, 12, 24 and 48h and expressed as mean ± SE, respectively. Bars not sharing the same letters were significantly different (P<0.05).