Fig 1.
Camera setup at the design help desk.
At the Design Help Desk the scientist was always seated on the left and the designer on the right.The image on the left shows the “Face-On View” which captures the frontal expressions, gestures and body language of both participants. The image on the right shows the “Overhead Desk View” which captures the gestures of both participants on the desktop, including interactions with the graphic printouts on the desk.
Fig 2.
Analysis of twelve Design Help Desk sessions identifies specific phases in the interactions between the designer and scientist. Two main activities occur during each phase. The last column shows the average number of utterances during each of these phases. Blue denotes utterances from the scientist, while black is used for the designer. The first and last phases are dominated by the scientist. The second and third phases have more utterances from the designer. Phases vary in length; Disequilibrium is relatively short, while the longest phase is Knowledge Establishing.
Fig 3.
A closer look at the ‘moment of disequilibrium’.
Two instances of disequilibrium characterized by (a) who is speaking, (b) hand position, and (c) body language. In (a) designer and scientist utterances/turn-taking are shown in a bar chart. In (b) hand positions are mapped, with higher numbers indicating closer proximity to the desk and graphic. Both (a) and (b) show the scientist withdrawing verbally and physically during disequilibrium. In (c) both scientists exhibit the discomfort of disequilibrium (clasped hands and crossed arms are known signals of stress).
Fig 4.
Mapping the interaction between designer and scientist through hand position.
We plot the hand position of both the designer (left) and the scientist (right) as captured with an overhead camera at the Design Help Desk. Higher numbers indicate closer proximity to the visual (the graphic). Video stills illustrate the specific phases of a Design Help Desk session as described in Fig 1.
Fig 5.
An improved figure before and after consultation at the design help desk.
Lower image from “Intracellular Delivery and Trafficking Dynamics of a Lymphoma-Targeting Antibody–Polymer Conjugate”[49].