Fig 1.
Schematic diagram of the experimental apparatus.
Table 1.
Experimental conditions.
Fig 2.
Evaporation process of the ethanol droplet.
Fig 3.
Evaporation process of the levitated pure droplet.
Water: d0 = 1.4 mm, Prms = 1.8 kPa, b/a = 1.2, Ps = 3534 Pa, Ethanol: d0 = 1.4 mm, Prms = 1.5 kPa, b/a = 1.7, Ps = 8850 Pa, Methanol: d0 = 1.4 mm, Prms = 1.5 kPa, b/a = 1.6, Ps = 15817 Pa, Hexane: d0 = 1.6 mm, Prms = 1.0 kPa, b/a = 1.3, Ps = 20125 Pa, Acetone: d0 = 1.2 mm, Prms = 1.4 kPa, b/a = 1.6, Ps = 28061 Pa, Pentane: d0 = 0.9 mm, Prms = 1.0 kPa, b/a = 1.1, Ps = 67973 Pa.
Fig 4.
Surface temperature of water and ethanol droplets as a function of time.
Fig 5.
Comparison of theoretical and experimental (d/d0)2 value evolution with time.
Theoretical values calculated using the d2 law are indicated by blue (water) red (ethanol), and green (methanol) solid line.
Fig 6.
Effect of relative humidity on the evaporation process of an ethanol droplet.
RH = 50%: d0 = 1.4 mm, Prms = 1.5 kPa, b/a = 1.7, RH = 25%: d0 = 1.4 mm, Prms = 1.3 kPa, b/a = 1.4.
Fig 7.
Evaporation process of ethanol solution droplets.
100 wt%: d0 = 1.4 mm, Prms = 1.5 kPa, b/a = 1.7, 75 wt%: d0 = 1.4 mm, Prms = 1.7 kPa, b/a = 1.8, 50 wt%: d0 = 1.5 mm, Prms = 1.5 kPa, b/a = 1.5, 25 wt%: d0 = 1.4 mm, Prms = 1.8 kPa, b/a = 1.3.
Fig 8.
Transition time of ethanol solution droplets.
Fig 9.
Experimental and theoretical transition time of ethanol and methanol solution droplets.
(Ethanol) 100 wt%: d0 = 1.4 mm, Prms = 1.5 kPa, b/a = 1.7, 75 wt%: d0 = 1.4 mm, Prms = 1.7 kPa, b/a = 1.8, 50 wt%: d0 = 1.5 mm, Prms = 1.5 kPa, b/a = 1.5, 25 wt%: d0 = 1.4 mm, Prms = 1.8 kPa, b/a = 1.3. (Methanol) 100 wt%: d0 = 1.4 mm, Prms = 1.5 kPa, b/a = 1.6, 75 wt%: d0 = 1.7 mm, Prms = 1.5 kPa, b/a = 1.5, 50 wt%: d0 = 1.5 mm, Prms = 1.5 kPa, b/a = 1.4, 25 wt%: d0 = 1.5 mm, Prms = 1.9 kPa, b/a = 1.5.
Fig 10.
Conceptual diagram of mass estimation of ethanol droplets.
Fig 11.
Evolution of ethanol droplet composition with time.
Fig 12.
Re-evaluation of evaporation process for ethanol droplets.
d0 = 1.4 mm, Prms = 1.5 kPa, b/a = 1.7.