Fig 1.
Posterior view of T7-L5 spine models: a) intact; b) L1 corpectomy performed to simulate serious burst fracture; c) two-segment fixation at T12-L2 (TSF); d) up-three segment fixation at T11-L2 (UTSF); e) below-three segment fixation at T12-L3 (BTSF); f) four-segment fixation at T11-L3 (FSF); g) burst fracture segment at L1 to simulate a severe wedge deformity (Grade 3) [23]; h) and i) finite element mesh of T7-L5; and j) L4–L5 finite element model containing anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL), posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL), ligamentum flavum (LF), interspinous ligament (ISL), supraspinous ligament (SSL), and capsular ligaments (CL).
Table 1.
Material properties for T7–L5 spine segment model.
Table 2.
Range of motion (ROM) of intact spinal models from literature and this study.
Fig 2.
ROM of T12-L2 in each model normalized by the ROM of INT.
Fig 3.
Stiffness of T12-L2 in each model normalized by the stiffness of INT.
Fig 4.
Anterior body height of L1 under flexion in each model normalized by the anterior body height of INT.