Fig 1.
Schematic illustration of a cancer cell circulating in vicinity of endothelial surface glycocalyx.
A) Cancer cell in vicinity of endothelial surface glycocalyx. B) Receptors on a substrate and ligands on a membrane. The glycocalyx layer is anchored on the endothelial cell surfaces.
Table 1.
Model parameters in the simulations.
Table 2.
List of symbols.
Fig 2.
Comparison between current results and Lefebvre at el., for the shape of deformable, cancer cell migrating freely in a capillary when Dc/Dv = 0.77.
Note that cell is located at the center of the capillary. Rv stands for the vessel radius. Z is the flow direction.
Fig 3.
Aspect ratio of a deformable cancer cell migrating within microvasculature.
The diameter of capillaries varies in the range of 8.82–16 μm. A) γ = 125 s-1. B) γ = 312 s-1.
Fig 4.
State diagram of a deformable cancer cell motion in capillaries as the function of capillary number Ca and normalized capillary diameter (Dc/Dv).
Filled squares represent rolling motion of the cell and open squares correspond to bullet motion.
Fig 5.
The distribution of WSS over endothelium.
A) Dc/Dv = 0.907 and γ = 312 s-1. B) Dc/Dv = 0.667 and γ = 312 s-1. C) Dc/Dv = 0.5 and γ = 312 s-1. Note that shear elastic modulus of the cancer cell is 30 N/m in all panels of Fig 5.
Fig 6.
Maximum magnitude of WSS over endothelium in the vicinity of circulating cancer cell.
Cells with different stiffnesses are migrating within capillaries with diameters varying in the range of 8.82–16 μm. A) γ = 125 s-1. B) γ = 312 s-1.
Fig 7.
Local changes to hemodynamics nearby a deformable, circulating cancer cell.
The area of endothelium, Aaff, (characteristic affected area) in the vicinity of cancer cell (with WSS > 0.6 Pa) is demonstrated. ADCC is lateral surface of the cancer cell. Note that cancer cells with different stiffnesses are migrating within capillaries with diameters varying in the range of 8.82–16 μm. A) γ = 125 s-1. B) γ = 312 s-1.