Fig 1.
Individual effect of LSR (A), methanol proportion (B) and temperature (C) on the extraction of total phenolic compounds from Citrus sinensis pulp.
The results are expressed as mg of gallic acid equivalents per g of dry weigh ± SD (mg GAE/g dw). a, b, c Mean values (n = 3, each) with different letters denote significant differences by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc test (p<0.05).
Table 1.
Face-centered settings for the independent variables and experimental results for hesperidin and the total phenolic content (TPC) in Citrus sinensis pulp.
Table 2.
Analysis of the variance and regression coefficients for the predicted model for the response variables in Citrus sinensis pulp.
Fig 2.
Response surface plots for hesperidin (A) and the total phenolic content (B) from Citrus sinensis pulp at a functional methanol proportion (MetOH) and temperature (Ta).
Table 3.
Overall optimal values for the extraction parameters for hesperidin and the total phenolic content in Citrus sinensis pulp.
Fig 3.
Effect of extraction time on the extraction of total phenolic compounds from Citrus sinensis pulp.
The results (n = 3, each) are expressed as mg of gallic acid equivalents per g of dry weigh ± SD (mg GAE/g dw). Statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc test (significant at p<0.05).
Fig 4.
Effect of sequential extractions on the extraction of hesperidin (A) and the total phenolic compounds (B) from Citrus sinensis pulp.
The results (n = 3, each) are expressed as mg of hesperidin or gallic acid equivalents per g of dry weigh ± SD (mg GAE or hesperidin/g dw).
Fig 5.
Comparison between the extraction efficiency of methanol (MetOH) and ethanol (EtOH) on the extraction of hesperidin (A) and the total phenolic compounds (B) from Citrus sinensis pulp.
The results (n = 3, each) are expressed as mg of hesperidin or gallic acid equivalents per g of dry weigh ± SD (mg GAE or hesperidin/g dw). Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t-test (significant at p<0.05).
Table 4.
The phenolic contents from Navelina sweet orange pulps from the northern (NO) and southern (SO) hemispheres by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS expressed as mg/kg dw ± SD (n = 3, each).