Fig 1.
Demographics of the non-human primate population studied.
A. The ages are shown for control (n = 14) and irradiated animals (n = 29) in the X-10-12 cohort. The median age of 7 years was similar for both groups, with a range from 5.9 to 8.9 years for the control group and a range of 6 to15 years for the irradiated group. B. The median dose (Gy) received by irradiated animals was 7.2 Gy, with a range of 6.5 to 8.4 Gy. C. The median time between radiation exposure and study/blood collection was 55 months, with a range from 44 to 70 months.
Fig 2.
Hematologic parameters at a median of 55 months (~ 5 years) post-irradiation.
Values of each parameter are shown as a function of radiation dose in Gy (x-axis for all plots); 0 Gy represents the control group. Each point represents a different subject (n = 43). A. Red blood cell (RBC) concentration, cells x 106/μL; B. Hemoglobin (Hgb), g/dL; C. Hematocrit (Hct), %; D. Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), fL; E. Mean cellular hemoglobin, (MCH), pg; F. Mean cellular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), g/dL; G. White blood cells (WBC), cells x 103/μL; H. Neutrophil %; I. Lymphocyte %; J. Monocyte %; K. Eosinophil %; L. Platelet count, x 103/μL. Asterisk (*) indicates p = 0.01 in panel G and p = 0.05 in panel L for dose-based comparison of irradiated and control animals using the Jonckheere-Terpstra test. Raw data are provided in S1 Table.
Fig 3.
Lymphocyte subset recovery at a median of 55 months (~ 5 years) post-irradiation.
Values of each parameter as determined by complete blood count (A) or flow cytometry of peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated by density gradient centrifugation (B–F) are shown as a function of radiation dose in Gy as the x-axis for all plots. Each point represents a different subject (n = 43). A. Absolute lymphocyte counts, cells x 106/μL; B. T cell %; C. CD4 T cell %; D. CD4 CD45RAhigh (naïve) %; E. CD8 T cell %; F. CD4 CD45RAhigh (naïve) %. * indicates Asterisk (*) in panel B indicates p = 0.0004 for dose-based comparison of irradiated and control animals using the Jonckheere-Terpstra test. Raw data are provided in S1 Table.
Fig 4.
Thymus function ~ 5 years post-irradiation.
sjTREC levels in isolated CD3+ mononuclear cells from peripheral blood are plotted as a function of age (A) and radiation dose (B). Each point represents a different subject (n = 43). In panel A, the open triangles show values for control, non-irradiated animals and the solid black circles show values for irradiated animals. sjTRECs were associated with age (p = 0.002), but did not vary according to radiation dose. Raw data are provided in S1 Table.
Table 1.
Antibody responses to pneumococcal (Pnc) vaccine ~2 years post-irradiation.
Fig 5.
Antibody responses to tetanus and rabies antigens ~ 2 years post-irradiation.
A. IgM responses to tetanus vaccine. B. IgG responses to tetanus vaccine. C. Combined IgM/IgG responses to rabies vaccine. Raw data are provided in S2 Table.