Fig 1.
Map of the study area.
Fig 2.
Mean shade species richness and diversity indices (per plot ± SEM, n = 42) between studied organic and conventional cocoa systems.
Bars of Farm Type (Organic vs. Conventional) with different letters implies significant differences at α = 0.05.
Fig 3.
Shade stand, cocoa and total basal areas (mean ± SEM) for farm type (n = 42) and cocoa age-groups (young, mature and old, n = 28).
Bars of Farm Type or Cocoa Age-group with different letters implies significant differences at α = 0.05.
Fig 4.
Mean species dissimilarity between organic and conventional farms (n = 14) in each cocoa age-group (young, mature and old).
Table 1.
List of shade species with conservation concern and their relative abundance (R.A), relative dominance (R.D), relative frequency (R.F) and importance value indices (IVIs).
The list was generated based on IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and in-country star categories for species with conservation priority.