Fig 1.
The frequencies / rates of the drainage of veins into the cephalic vein in the upper limbs.
The tributaries are the thoracoacromial vein, acromial vein, pectoral vein, clavicular vein, deltoid vein, lateral venous channel, superior thoracic vein and deep brachial vein.
Fig 2.
(A) Three incomplete thoracoacromial veins are entering the cephalic vein in a left axilla. (B) Independent acromial, clavicular, deltoid, and pectoral veins drain into the cephalic vein in a left axilla. (C) The incomplete form of thoracoacromial veins receiving three or two kinds of venous tributaries. The frequencies of their existence in the upper limbs are shown. Note that there were upper limbs with multiple incomplete thoracoacromial veins.
Table 1.
The destination of the veins.
Table 2.
The formation of axillary vein by basilic and brachial veins.
Fig 3.
Lateral venous channel in a right axilla.
A lateral venous channel is connecting the lateral brachial vein and the retropectoral part of the axillary vein. The anterior circumflex humeral veins are entering the lateral venous channel.
Fig 4.
The distal and proximal connections of the lateral venous channel with the veins in the upper limb.
The channel was distally connected to the basilic vein, common brachial vein, medial brachial vein, deep brachial vein and anterior circumflex humeral vein. The vein which was joined by the channel was the axillary vein or the cephalic vein. The most frequently observed connection was the connection between the lateral brachial vein and the axillary vein, which was observed in 45.2% of the upper limbs with the vein.
Table 3.
The course of lateral channel.
Fig 5.
The superficial veins of the axillary base.
Two veins (arrows) originate in the subcutaneous tissue of the base (asterisk) of a right axilla. They traverse the subcutaneous fat and end by draining into the infrapectoral part of the axillary vein.