Fig 1.
Flowchart of the inclusion and exclusion for subjects based on the dataset surveyed in Korea by the National Health Insurance System (NHIS).
Table 1.
Demographics and clinical characteristics of the patients with ankylosing spondylitis and control group.
Fig 2.
Comparison of the cumulative incidence of dementia (overall, Alzheimer’s, and vascular) in the AS and control groups.
The Kaplan-Meier curves with cumulative hazards showed the significantly higher incidence of overall dementia (A) and Alzheimer’s dementia (B) in the AS group compared to the control group (p < 0.001). The cumulative incidence of VD was not statistically different between the two groups (C).
Table 2.
Calculated hazard ratios of dementia (Alzheimer’s and vascular) in the AS and control groups.
Fig 3.
Subgroup analyses of risk for dementia in the AS group.