Table 1.
Effect of immune challenge on reproduction in female crickets.
Fig 1.
Each cricket used in this study (except for ones for the ovarian gene expression experiment) went through one of the eight experimental timelines. The horizontal axis shows the experimental timeline (day). IC: Immune Challenge, Sham: Sham injection, NTC: No-Treatment Control.
Table 2.
List of treatments given to control, Sham, and IC crickets.
Fig 2.
Effect of feeding condition on reproductive output.
NTC crickets (food limited) produced fewer eggs (laid + not laid) by day 36 compared with NTC (ad lib). The bars represent the 25th and 75th percentile, the central line in bold represents the median and the error bars denote the maximum and minimum values for each group. Statistical information is described in the Results section.
Fig 3.
No effect of immune challenge on reproductive output.
The number of eggs laid between day 12 and 36 (A), day 22 and 36 (B), and the number of eggs found in the lateral oviducts (C and D) are shown across treatment groups. The bars represents the 25th and 75th percentile, the central line in bold represents the median and the error bars denote the maximum and minimum values for each group. Statistical information is described in the Results section. No significant difference was found among groups.
Fig 4.
Age-dependent increase of PO and Lysozyme level.
Age-dependent change in hemolymph immune measures. (A) PO level (μg (tyrosinase equivalent)/mL), (B)lysozyme-like activity (μg/mL), (C) GSH concentration (μM), and (D) protein concentration (μg/mL) are shown in the chart. Data for day 12 are from Control (E), data for day 22 are from Control (L), and data for day 36 are from NTC. activity and the lysozyme-like activity were increasing with age (A-B), while GSH and the protein concentrations did not show a significant trend (C-D). Statistical information is described in the Results section. The bars represents the 25th and 75th percentile, the central line in bold represents the median and the error bars denote the maximum and minimum values for each group. Sample sizes are indicated above each plot.
Fig 5.
Ovaries produce phenoloxidase (PO) in the cricket.
Gene expression levels of proPOs (A-C) and vitellogenin (D) were measured in the fat body and the ovaries. The values were normalized by two reference genes, and the relative expression levels (arbitrary units, where the maximum expression level is set at 1.0 for each transcript) are shown in the figure. The bars represents the 25th and 75th percentile, the central line in bold represents the median and the error bars denote the maximum and minimum values for each group. Outliers plotted as dots. Statistical information is described in the Results section. The sample size (biological replicates) is N = 11. FB: Fat Body.