Fig 1.
Flowchart showing formation of our study.
UTI, urinary tract infection; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; CECT, contrast-enhanced computed tomography; US, ultrasonography; VCUG, voiding cystourethrogram; VUR, vesicoureteral reflux.
Table 1.
Patient characteristics.
Table 2.
Differences between patients with upper UTI and lower UTI.
Fig 2.
(A, B) Representative type A renal lesions detected by DW-MRI (A) and ADC map (B) in a 10-month-old boy. (C, D) Representative type B renal lesions detected by DW-MRI (C) and ADC map (D) in a 2-month-old boy. Arrows indicate renal lesions. (E) Schema of ureteral dilatation identified in MRI. Class 1, dilatation less than half of the ureter; class 2, dilatation more than half of the ureter; class 3, dilatation of the entire ureter without hydronephrosis; class 4, dilatation of the entire ureter with hydronephrosis. (F, G) A 5-month-old girl with upper UTI. MRU detected class 3 ureteral dilatation (F), and VCUG detected grade 4 VUR (G). DW-MRI, diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging; ADC, apparent diffusion coefficient; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; MRU, magnetic resonance urography; VCUG, voiding cystourethrogram; VUR, vesicoureteral reflux.
Table 3.
Differences between patients with type A lesions and type B lesions.
Fig 3.
Relationships between ureteral dilatation findings in MRI and incidence of VUR.
Each portion shows the number of patients with low-grade VUR, high-grade VUR, VUR negative among patients who underwent VCUG, and VCUG not performed in patients with or without ureteral dilatation in MRI. VCUG, voiding cystourethrogram; VUR, vesicoureteral reflux; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging.