Table 1.
Number of DE genes in each pairwise age comparison.
Fig 1.
GO term enrichment for the sets of genes differentially expressed in older flies at different ages (20, 30 and 40 days old) in comparison to young flies (5 days old).
In each group, the top terms (up to 5, listed by decreasing significance) are shown. The full lists can be found in S2 Table.
Table 2.
Clusters identified by fuzzy c-means method.
Fig 2.
Clustering of DE genes by temporal profiles through the fuzzy c-means method.
(A) Temporal profile and GO enrichment of two clusters from the male dataset. (B) Temporal profile and GO enrichment of four clusters from the female dataset. Not all clusters are shown. Individual lines represent expression of single genes averaged across samples, colored according to the cluster membership values shown in the color bar; only core genes (α ≥ 0.4) are plotted (see Material and Methods). For GO enrichment, the top terms (up to 5, listed by decreasing significance) are shown. The full lists can be found in S3 Table.
Table 3.
Modules identified by gene co-expression network analyses.
Fig 3.
Two of the 23 modules identified in the female dataset by co-expression network analysis.
In each panel, the module is plotted on the left (top 200 connections; hub genes are in the center circle); on the right, a LOESS-fitted curve of eigengene values at different ages and the top GO terms are shown (up to 5, listed by decreasing significance; the full lists can be found in S4 Table). (A) FM10, which showed the highest association with age by its eigengene measure. (B) FM13, which had a highly significant enrichment in memory-altering hits from a previous RNAi screen. Genes found through RNAi knockdown to impair memory are colored red; those whose RNAi knockdown enhances memory are colored green. Circles indicate genes positively correlated with the module eigengene; squares are genes negatively correlated with the eigengene. See Table 3 for age-eigengene association and enrichment results for all modules.
Fig 4.
Survival curve for aging flies.
600 CS male and 600 CS female flies were used to generate this graph. The male and female median survival age was 40 and 28 days while the male and female maximum survival age was 69 and 62 days respectively.
Fig 5.
Performance indices measured at multiple times after conditioning CS flies at 20, 30, and 40 days of age compared to control 5-day-old flies.
(A) Female CS flies. The Performance Index, tested at 3 min after conditioning, was significantly decreased in 20-, 30- and 40-day-old flies. The Performance Index at 1 hour was significantly decreased in 30- and 40-day-old flies but not at 3 hours, consistent with results of [12]. This is likely due to the reduced sensitivity to extract real differences at low performance values. (B) Male CS flies. The Performance Index was significantly reduced in 30- and 40-day-old flies. The Performance Index at 1 hour was significantly reduced in 30-day-old flies but not at 3 hours.